Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Essays

Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Essays Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Paper Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Paper The High school life I experience d in Korea was extreme banking style. All we did in the class was to just sit and take notes on what teachers taught us. Everything was so restricted and made us only concentrate on cad mimic subjects. So I expected a big positive change in high school in terms of learning system whew n I was coming aboard. Unfortunately, there wasnt a big change. Teacher was still a dominant or in the class and we were just robot that simply listened to the information that teacher Provo deed for us and store it in our head. The only way of conveying the information was by listening, or roving presentation for us. Different from what I expected, the education in Niles We SST High School was still unprepossessing. First of all, When I came to high school in US, there was a clear change on am aunt Of communication that teacher and students go through in learning process. But , containers and receptacles relationship was still maintained where students simply asked quo session about lecture if they were not understanding some of the features. This type of interaction s not helpful because the only purpose is to redeposit what students have missed. Although h there was scenically more communications involved, Paulo Fire argues that there has to be a freedom during communication by saying, In this process, arguments based on auto ritzy are no longer valid; in order to function, authority must be on the side of freedom not again SST if (Fire, 80). Authority of teachers is not an exception for high school in US. It is already as sums that students are undeveloped human and teachers are those who always have answers of r students. Because of the assumptions that high school have, students tend to underestimate the IR knowledge and intelligence, and this is why oppression is correlated with banking education s yester. This oppression is functioning as a gate that blocks students from becoming a con couscous being which can think critically. Everything in high school becomes so routine as student TTS start to accept the assumption that school creates while students have no idea what this pro sees could do to them. To give a clear result Of ratification, Paulo comes up with consequence sees of this cycled life by saying, The capability of banking education to minimize or annul the SST dents creative ewer and to stimulate their credulity serves the interests of the oppressors, who care neither to have the world revealed nor to see it transformed(Fire, 73). By becoming a target of oppressors, students in US high school fails to transcend themselves and Simi ply stops at the level where teachers got up to. Despite of similarity between US and South Korea high school, there is one HTH Eng that distinct US high school from South Korea. In South Korea, people have extreme e black and white thought about students life in high school. That is, students will have to either choose studying or extracurricular activity. But, Teachers in South Korea high school always tee II students that the only way of succeeding in your life is by simply studying hard. So, majority of s dents spend the whole day just studying without any other activities involved. However, US high school was different. Students were still able to be part of both things and still maintain t heir grades. Students in US was more flexible about spending time. Instead of staying in the e classroom all the time, school provided us opportunities to go on a field trip. Field trip has to be a trip to somewhere that can be helpful for students perceiving the features that they earned during the class. For example, Students in our high school went to Museum of Science a ND Industry in Chicago for Mathematical Modeling class to actually see and analyze about the e topic that we are researching on. During field trip, students have freedom to go wherever we w ant and have communication with classmates about their research. Students kept asking q questions each other and tried to come up with answers to it. This is what critical thinking should b e where students ask each other without answer and tried to come up with the solution together where dialogue is involved. Although students experience what predisposing education during g field trip, the time they spend on this experience is too short to unlock themselves from pop oppression. When students return to the school, they go back to their own original routine and f ail to be conscious. Obstacle that disturb students from being conscious is segregation in US high school. One thing that I really liked about SIS high school was that the opportunities t hat school provided for me. If students get good GAP, they can get into honor society where they c an get more opportunities such as taking more advanced class, receiving information ABA UT scholarships and academic programs. It might seems that school is doing a good job in provide Eng best environment for students, but there is downside of this. By involving in a group p where only smart students go, they will feel very proud and honorable. However, this ho nor that school provides is rewards by oppressors which means that they reward students of r following the method that they created. This way of blocking students consciousness is call deed operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, and the well known experiment of this is rat in the box with lever which condition the rat to press the lever by awarding them with food every it me they press it . It encourages the subject to associate desirable or undesirable outcomes with c retain behaviors. Basically, oppressors rewards students with honor so that students will press rev banking education without revolting. For those of who dont see the downside of bank Eng education might say oppressors are providing more opportunities and honors to those ho deserve it and helping students to grow, but Paulo argues that, Indeed, the interests of the oppressors lie in changing the consciousness of the oppressed, not the situation which oppress sees them, for the more easily they can be dominated(Fire, 74). Oppressors wants to avoid an y obstacles that oppresses them and simple way of doing this is to prevent students developing g into a conscious being. On the other side, students with bad grades are always pressurized by teachers to work hard on their grade. Teacher tell them to pay more attention to materials in CLC ass to get better grades. These students often get called out by the deans to talk about their g reads. Because of this, the conception of getting called out by deans automatically became you are trouble maker. This feeling of shame and expectation of teachers about grade functioned as punishment in operant conditioning and made students lock themselves into banking educate ion. Though there was segregation between students, they were all simply just targets of oppress sorts. In conclusion, compare to extreme ban king education in South Korea high SC wool, there was not that much difference in US high school. Teacher is still a narrator and dents are container where they simply just process the information that teacher provide sees. This kind of interaction made students life very routine, and they become very adapt able to the environment where no critical thinking is involved. There was still activity involve Veda where students were able to interact each other with constant questioning and critic al thinking. However, this was only small portion of time compared to the time students s Penn on banking education in high school. Another problem was segregation between student s. Those who worked hard to get good GAP was rewarded and those who didnt try hard WA punished.

Hardware essays

Hardware essays ABC Construction Company is a construction firm specializing in custom homes and office plazas. It has a corporate office in Atlanta with field offices in Mobile and Jacksonville. To date, interaction between the offices has been minimal. Each office obtained their own supplies, designed their own blueprints and pursued their own customer leads. They had no presence on the Web. CAD design was done on older Sun Sparc 2 Workstations and accounting and personnel records were kept on Apollo 725 UNIX Workstations. All workstations have external tape backup. The sales reps and buyers use a common bull pen for contacting customers and suppliers. The administrative staff and sales reps use a few old Windows PCs for printing documents, forms, and customer database. Recently the owner attended a conference of similar construction companies and found ABC was in the Dark Ages. After studying similar business models, ABC began working with a well recommended Internet Service Provider. ABC does not have any IT personnel and decided to have the ISP provide most of the services through offsite support and onsite support only as needed. This will allow for the shortest and safest path for a company just starting into IT and e-commerce field. Latter on, they can work with the ISP to decide which services can be more effectively managed in-house. This will also give time to train personnel with the new technologies and hire or outsource IT support as needed. In the initial phase, ABC will purchase three Windows 2000 servers, switches, and lease a router from the ISP for each of the three sites. Additionally, Windows 2000 Professional workstations will be purchased for the users. The bull pen rooms will be reorganized with partitioning and modern lighting. The sales reps will be given hand phones issued from the Atlanta office. The CAD designers will rotate through the Atlanta office for onsite training of AutoCAD for ...

Due to their low-cost and high-quality of goods, new technology and Thesis

Due to their low-cost and high-quality of goods, new technology and computers are eliminating jobs in America - Thesis Example Automated machines have displayed a high consistency, quality output and good work flow. They simplify production and reduce lead times. In regard to safety, they reduce the number of on-the-job casualties that can occur hence reduced medical bills for injured workers. They are a solution to harsh and dangerous working conditions and workplaces, for example, places with toxic fumes, under water and fire (Jeremy, 1995). They perform tasks that are beyond human capabilities, endurance and speed. Louise (2010) reveals that the drop in manufacturing employment is significant in America especially over the past decade. He further states that between the years 2000 and 2007 alone, there has been a 20% drop in manufacturing employment. The drop has increased further, because of the recent recession, by 15%. In many manufacturing companies, routine tasks have been automated. Therefore, there is no more need to have many workers. Manufacturing companies have witnessed improved production as a result of tapping into computers and other improved technology. Manufactures are also encouraged by the cost-efficiency of these automated machines and computers as compared to paying many workers. This has led to low cost of production and has translated to better profits and hence a good reason to keep out human labor to the best extend possible. This has led to many people loosing their jobs and the jobless remaining jobless (Jeremy, 1995). According to Louise (2010), there has been about six times increase in the amount of information processing equipment from the year 1987- 2007 in the US. These information processing equipment include robots and computers. Manufacturers also doubled the capital used per employee for each hour’s work in this period. This led to increased production capital thus reduced net profits. These advanced computers and robotics have increased production by enabling machines to perfume routine tasks better than men. This has encouraged replacemen t of the expensive, less productive human labor by of robots and computers. The loss of employment due to improved technology and computers is not only limited to manufacturing companies. Workers in other sectors have also been affected. For example, automated telephone switchboards and telephone answering have replaced telephone operators. In the medical fields such as electrocardiography or radiography, primary screening is now done faster and more accurately by automated systems. The analysis of human genes, tissues and cells is also done by automated machines. This has locked out medical personnel who are qualified to do these jobs (Brain, 2003). Automated video surveillance (AVS) was developed and applied for security purposes between 1997—1999. The airborne video surveillance (AVS) was developed between 1998 and 2002. These have been used in busy environments to monitor people. They record happenings, send warning signals incase of danger and alert authorities incase al arming situations happen therefore replacing a significant number of human security personnel (Brain, 2003). Tellers in banks have also been greatly affected due to development of automated teller machines (ATMs). For cash and other transactions, people no longer the need to visit banks and queue for a long time for these services. Due to growing demand for safety and mobility on the roads, there has been adoption of the automated highway systems. Over the last six years the US congress has allocated over $600million for the development of intelligent transport systems

Latin Western European Business Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Latin Western European Business Culture - Essay Example Collectivism, the propensity of people to stay within a long-term group, is also rated high. The Masculinity rating corresponds to emphasis laid on the traditional viewpoint of men's and women's roles, while Uncertainty avoidance rating indicates that rules and long-term employment within the same structure are preferred. Finally, the long term / short-term rating is in favour of longer term attitudes, based on perseverance and relationships ordered by status. These cultural dimensions give a basis from which to assess certain aspects of Latin Western European Business Culture. However it is not the complete picture. In the areas of business communication, particularly in face-to-face communication and business negotiations, it is also of interest to compare the concepts advanced by Hall (Hall) and in particular that of the high context and low context cultures. According to Hall, in a high context business culture, the information transmitted in a communication is minimised because implicitly much of the information required is already present in the setting. Low context cultures are the reverse: the communication contains far more information because this information is not present in the setting. According to this model, Latin culture is high-context. Besides the situations already mentioned, this model also finds particular application in the advertising and promotional activities that most businesses engage in. This kind of communica tion remains somewhat basic and even terse in Latin countries as compared to the other Western European groups (Anglo, Germanic and Nordic). Hall also elaborated a second theory of how different cultures structure their time, which he refers to as polychronic or monochronic time orientation. A top-level approach for Latin countries puts them into the polychronic category. The immediate implications are of the priority of interpersonal relations over schedule and appointments, the simultaneity of tasks and the mixing of work time and personal time. Like the other theories alluded to above, this generates different results when we consider the four countries on an individual basis. Because the creation of the European Community has encouraged the individual member countries to trade more among themselves and, by extension, with the rest of the world, it is interesting to note how the Latin Western European countries and their businesses fare in a cross-cultural context. In particular, a different principle is applied here, that of the Self Referencing Criteria or SRC defined by Lee (Lee). In essence, this describes the cultural trap of assuming that other countries use the same cultural values as one's own. It is the failure to perceive things from the standpoint of a person of a different culture. The Latin countries that we are dealing with here display marked differences in this regard. The first country to be examined using these tools of cultural investigation is France. It is a country which at the same time is Mediterranean and Latin, but which also exhibits a number of non-Latin characteristics, in keeping with its proximity to, or common borders with, a number of (mainly) Germanic countries such as Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Of the five cultural dimensions, French business culture can be classified as follows. Power-distance is relatively high with top

Life in Navy Boot Camp Essay Example for Free

Life in Navy Boot Camp Essay It was a warm summer evening as I packed for Navy Boot Camp. I carefully went down the list of things I could take and ensured I didn’t have anything else. A little nervous I went to talk to my parents about my move to becoming my own man. I looked at their faces and could tell that although they were proud they were a little nervous about their only son leaving home for the first time. My mom tried to smile but she was proud yet nervous because I had always been her little guy so she was having a hard time letting go. After a short conversation with my parents I decided to try and rest for the long journey ahead. Its now 5 o’clock in the morning and I’m up to shower and get ready for the trip, I didn’t sleep very much because I was so nervous. I showed and got ready for the trip to the Military Entrance Processing Stations (MEPS) for my final swearing in. My first trip included my initial processing and medical screening and now it was time to put all that into action. As my parent drove me to the station the car was very quiet. As we pulled up my parents got out and hugged me and wish me well. I walked in and looked back at them and it was like the cord was being cut between us, now it was time for me to make them proud and show them what I’d learned from them. The officer swore us in and we all boarded the bus starring out the window like lost kids. Hours later we arrived at Boot Camp in Great Lakes, Michigan. As we pulled up Company Commanders ran out yelling and screaming at us to put all our stuff in one hand and line up on the footprints. My heart was beating super fast and I was like what have I done. We marched into this room where they asked us to take out all our stuff, they went through it and told us what we could keep and what had to be sent home. After feeding us, they took everyone to the barber shop and shaved all our heads. They then issued us our initial uniforms and began indoctrination. After marching back to our dorms, we were told how the bed should be made, stenciled all our gear, showered and went to bed. The first night I can honestly say I missed my folks and at one point wanted to cry but I pushed on. I knew I had to do this for me and them, I had to show myself first and them second that I had what it took to make it. Day two and forward we woke up at 4 am with yelling and screaming that we had 15 minutes to shower, shave and get in line for physical training and breakfast. Everything was 15 to 20 minutes including eating; you learn to eat real quickly. Training was tough but as the weeks went on it got easier. Then around week 4 we had to swim, I was never a strong swimmer so I was nervous but I made it through. Around week five it seemed they got a little easier and then explained that the toughness was to help us rely on each other and build the necessary teamwork within us all. As time went on we had learned the entire Chain of Command, proper Navy rules and how to properly wear all the uniforms and the seasonal changes for whites and blues. As the 8th week came we got ready for graduation. Everyone was ready to show their parents how much they had grown up in the last two months. Part of growing up was proper grooming, making our beds and being responsible and accountable for each other. Some of the guys in my company sat around the night before talking about some of the hard times in boot camp. I talked about the hard part for me was the fire fighting training and taking off that gas mask, my eyes burned so bad and I coughed like I was going to die. We laughed so hard about that and having to jump off that diving board that seems like it was 100 stories tall. So now its graduation day and I’m so excited to see my parents and so they can see how I’ve turned from their little boy to this young man. We march out on the field and the guide yells â€Å"eyes right† and I look over and see my parents. My mom was crying as usual and my dad had the biggest smile on his face, it was a time I will always remember. Their little guy was finally a man.

Essay --

Gang Injunctions: Ineffective to Prevent Violent Crimes in California In now days, the increase in gun violence troubles many communities in the United States. Many of the high-crime neighborhoods have become a total gang-controlled area. In 2013, the total number of gangs in the United States are 24,500 (Federal Bureau of Investigations). As major cities in America struggle to respond to the growth of gangs and attendant crime and violence, the law enforcement come up with gang injunctions to reduce crimes rates. Although a couple of gang injunctions have been granted in Texas and Illinois, the overwhelming majority of injunctions have been issued in California. In 2005, the total number of violent crimes were 5,985 alone in San Francisco that year, and 31, 767 in Los Angeles (Disaster Center). According to Matthew O’Deane, a police officer, and Stephen Morreale, an Assistant Professor of Worcester State University, a study and review was conducted of 25 southern California gang injunctions to understand if civil gang injunctions reduce crime . As a result, the study found that the crime rate decreased by 14.1% in injunction areas. Several California cities recently moved forward with gang injunctions to reduce violent crime rates. Gang injunctions have become a distinct Californian approach to fight crimes since they were first introduced in the 1980s in Los Angeles. The injunctions that have been granted primarily affect impoverished, minority neighborhoods and may actually serve to further stigmatize and oppress innocent minority youth who also live in these communities. Cities have issued them to fight local gangs, and promise that gang injunctions will cut down violent crime rate, and make the neighborhoods more safer; ho... ...ht to defend himself in the court. Moreover, the gang injunctions obtained in the target area should be defined clearly for gang members. It is important to make sure that the identification of the target area are easily understood by both the police and the gang members. Gang injunctions are ineffective way to prevent crimes, because they lead to many problems that hurts the communities. Gang injunctions are suppressions instead of preventions. Therefore, using force would not help to prevent crimes. However, they are legal tools to enable communities to take back their streets and public places from the gangs and gang members that terrorize them. Gang injunctions did contribute to the stabilization of communities and reduce gang-related crimes, they just need improvements to make it more useful and acceptable for both gang members and residents in target areas.

Advertising in the Legal Profession Essay

Title: Advertising in the Legal Profession Issue: What is the scope of advertising for the purpose of the prohibition of advertising in the Legal Profession Act of Trinidad and Tobago No. 21 of 1986? Cause of Problem: Schedule No. 3 Part A of the Legal Profession Act No. 21 of 1986 , Sections 6 and 7: An attorney at law may speak in public or write for publications on legal topics so long as he does not thereby advertise his own professional competence and is not likely to be regarded as being concerned thereby with the giving of individual advice. The best advertisement for an attorney at law is the establishment of a well merited reputation for personal integrity, capacity, dedication to work and fidelity to trust and it is unprofessional: a) To solicit business by circulars or advertisements or interviews not warranted by personal relations; b) To seek retainers through agents of any kind; Background to Era in which Code of Ethics was made: The Legal profession Act of Trinidad and Tobago was drafted in an era of no Internet, two radio stations, state-owned television and two daily newspapers. There was also little means by which consumers could obtain and verify information on the quality of services provided by a legal practitioner. Hence in this context the Legislation was relevant and it served to prevent forms of advertising that would misrepresent the capability of the professional in question. This was determined to be a necessity in a profession where standard was to be maintained. Current Position: Now the State and private sector have expanded the print and broadcast media and the internet has driven the communications channels and reach, including the reach of social media. The public itself is less precocious, more knowledgeable of its rights and more demanding of justice, fairness and transparency. There are several avenues that are opened to consumers where attorneys fall short of the standard required in their service to the public. They have applications that can be made to the disciplinary committee1 of the legal profession as well authority that the court has to discipline attorneys. Part B Rule 18 of the Code of Ethics, Third Schedule to the Legal Profession Act No.21 of 1986 Part B Rule 35(1) of the Code of Ethics, Third Schedule to the Legal Profession Act No.21 of 1986 2 In matter of Gail Robinson and Beverly Scoobie solicitors and Beverly Scoobie, Solicitors and In the Matter of the Inherent Jurisdiction of the Court Hca No. 2 of 1985 (unreported), Domain Idea: Advertising and Communications Theoretical Considerations: Advertising is an important constituent in the positioning of a brand in the mind and hearts of consumers. It also serves to build a brand preference amongst a target market. Advertising is multi-functional serving to inform, persuade, remind and enforce the target market as to the services provided by a particular business.3 Advertising for the purposes of marketing would include the use of following Medias4Newspapers, Television, Direct Mail, Radio, Magazines, Outdoor, Yellow Pages, Newsletters, Brochures, Telephone, and Internet. Consequences of lack of clarity of scope of Advertising: Lawyers in Trinidad and Tobago have sought very creative ways to get around this prohibition by interpreting advertising as written into the act narrowly; they consider the act as excluding new and current forms of advertising. Attorneys are therefore doing the following: Â  They are doubling up as newspaper columnists, regular presenters, co-presenters and guests on talk radio and television; Attorneys are also making use of social media, engaging the public but also exposing their views for public consumption. There is also the use of websites by firms. On the websites the firms have the services provided by the various attorneys and their qualifications.

Patient Safety in Rural Nursing Because of Nursing Shortage Essay

The United States is in the midst of a nursing shortage that is being increasingly discussed in the context of declining healthcare facilities in the nation. Over 1 in 7 hospitals (15%) report a severe RN nursing shortage with more than 20% of their nursing positions vacant and 80%-85% of hospitals report that they have a nurse shortage This shortage is predicted to intensify over the next decade or two as nurses belonging to the generation of baby boomers retire. The Nursing Management Aging Workforce Survey released in July 2006 by the Bernard Hodes Group reveals that 55% of surveyed nurses and nurse managers reported their intention to retire between 2011 and 2020 (AACN, 2006). In April 2006, officials with the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) released projections that the nation’s nursing shortage would grow to more than one million nurses by the year 2020 (HRSA, 2003). Nursing colleges and universities are struggling to expand enrollment levels. In the report titled â€Å"What is Behind HRSA’s Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortage of Registered Nurses? † analysts show that all 50 states will experience a shortage of nurses to varying degrees by the year 2015 (AACN, 2006). Factors driving the growth in demand for nurses include: an 18 % increase in the population; a larger proportion of elderly persons requiring proportionally higher levels of medical care; advances in medical technology that heighten the need for nurses; an increase in the number of work settings for nurses and demographic changes in an increasing U.  S. population (HRSA, 2003). Factors that are causing a decrease in the supply of nurses are: the declining number of nursing school enrollees, graduates and faculty; the aging of the registered nurse workforce; work environment issues leading to job burnout and dissatisfaction; high nurse turnover and vacancy rates; and declines in relative earnings (HRSA, 2003). Due to this critical imbalance between the supply and demand of nurses, the United States is today facing a nursing shortage crisis. Nursing shortage in rural settings: Research shows that nursing shortage as defined by the federal government exists mainly in rural areas of the country that are far away from metropolitan areas. These areas suffer more from nursing shortage than urban areas due to lack of economic resources to compete with urban based employers, inadequate training for nurses to practice in rural settings and dependence on non-hospital care settings in the rural areas. According to a paper published by the National Clearinghouse for Frontier Communities, â€Å"Impacts and Innovations in Frontier America† (December 2004), nurse shortages in frontier and rural communities derive not only from the current national shortage of nurses but also a long-standing trend favoring rural-to-urban migration of the educated, skilled workforce. There is also the issue of money. When examined by rurality, LPNs in rural settings ($21,941) report an income 23% lower than that reported by LPNs in urban settings ($28,408) (NCSBN, 2006). A large number of rural communities are losing existing employment and education opportunities and the paper suggests that the community context of a nurse shortage can be addressed only through community-based development approaches as well as the crafting of healthy rural policies. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation published a report titled â€Å"The American Nursing Shortage† with the help of its researchers Bobbi Kimball and Edward O’Neil. According to this report, even when some people feel a calling for the professions such as nursing, they are deterred by certain dimensions of the lifestyle, such as low pay, compulsory mobility and the need for service in rural areas. Available data and literature suggest that the impact of the nursing shortage on rural and frontier communities varies greatly from community to community. IN some rural places, there is no difficulty in filling vacancies but there may be just a few good paying jobs. However, in most rural areas, recruiting for openings is estimated to take about 60 percent longer to fill than in urban areas (Long 2000). Nurse employers receive many applications but often find applicants do not meet desired qualifications and then, they often have to accept lower qualifications to fill positions. Differences in education between frontier and non-frontier nurses exist both in their basic nursing education and the highest degree earned (FEC, 2003). Fully half of frontier nurses had qualified as RNs through associate degree (ADN) programs, in comparison with 40% of the non-frontier nurses; in contrast, non-frontier nurses were more likely to have attended diploma or BSN programs. Differences remain when looking at highest degree received; 44% of frontier nurses’ highest degree is the ADN, in contrast with 34% of the non-frontier nurses. And, while the percentage of nurses who have earned a bachelors degree is slightly lower among frontier nurses (30% frontier, 33% non-frontier), the percentage who has earned masters degrees is also lower among frontier (7% frontier compared with 10% non-frontier) (FEC, 2003). At Prairie Vista Nursing Home in Holyoke, Colorado, a town of about 1,900 people about 130 miles northeast of Denver, administrators reportedly had to work double shifts to cover shifts after a nurse retired. Recruiting nurses to work in rural areas is difficult to begin with; and, when urban-trained nurses enter rural practice, they often find they are ill-prepared for the demands of the job, contributing to job dissatisfaction and turnover. Once there, they typically find it difficult to access continuing education opportunities that fit their needs. â€Å"When educators bring their knowledge to us, they often do not realize that we practice differently than urban centers do† (rural nurse, quoted in Molinari 2001). In the rural setting, nurses typically fill multiple roles. There is a need for a broad range of skills and cross training in multiple jobs. â€Å"Rural nursing requires a high level of generalist skills and critical thinking† (Fahs, Findholt et al. 2003). Another issue is that the ethnic composition of the rural nurse workforce does not correspond with the population it serves. The ANA Rural Nursing module identifies five factors that affect rural nursing practice: threats to anonymity and confidentiality; traditional gender roles; geographic isolation; professional isolation; and scarce resources (Bushy 2004). Patient safety for nursing shortage in rural settings: Surveys and studies published recently confirm that the shortage of registered nurses is impacting the delivery of health care in the U. S. and negatively affecting patient outcomes. Research now shows that how well patients are cared for by nurses affects their health, and sometimes can be a matter of life or death. These studies have found that (HRSA, 2003): †¢ A total of 53% of physicians and 65% of the public cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors (Harvard School of Public Health, 2002,); A higher proportion of nursing care and a greater number of hours of care by nurses per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (Needleman et al. , 2002); †¢ Nursing actions, such as ongoing monitoring of patient’s health status, are directly related to better health outcomes (Kahn et al. , 1990) ; †¢ 126,000 nurses are needed immediately to fill vacancies at our Nation’s hospitals. Today, 75% of all hospital vacancies are for nurses (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002); Low nurse staffing levels have contributed to 24% of unanticipated events in hospitals that resulted in death, injury or permanent loss of function (Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002); †¢ Patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with low nurse-to-patient ratios have an up to 31% increased chance of dying. Every additional patient in an average hospital nurse’s workload increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (Aiken et. al. , 2002); Low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of hospitals’ reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 (Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002); †¢ Less nursing time provided to patients is associated with higher rates of infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and death from these and other causes (Needleman et al. , 2002); and †¢ Nurse executives surveyed indicated that staffing shortages are contributing to emergency department overcrowding and the need to close beds (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002 has issued a warning that failure to address the problem of nursing shortage in rural areas will result in increased deaths, complications, lengths-of-stay and other undesirable patient outcomes. JCAHO examined 1,609 hospital reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 and found that low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of the cases (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002). New research indicates that a shortage of registered nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and higher degree level is endangering patients. In an article in the September 24, 2003 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Linda Aiken and her colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania found that patients experience significantly lower mortality and failure to rescue rates in hospitals where more baccalaureate-prepared nurses provide direct patient care. At least 1,700 preventable deaths could have been realized in Pennsylvania hospitals alone if baccalaureate-prepared nurses had comprised 60% of the nursing staff and the nurse-to-patient ratios had been set at 1 to 4. Unfortunately, only 11% of PA hospitals have more than 50% of the nursing staff prepared at the baccalaureate level ( Institute of Medicine, 2003). A survey titled â€Å"Views of Practicing Physicians and the Public on Medical Errors†, conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation reported in the December 12, 2002 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine found that 53% of physicians and 65% of the public cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors. Overall, 42% of the public and more than a third of U. S. octors reported that they or their family members have experienced medical errors in the course of receiving medical care (AACN, 2006). Nurse researchers at the University of Pennsylvania determined that patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with high nurse-to-patient ratios have an up to 31% increased chance of dying. Funded by the National Institute for Nursing Research, the study found that every additional patient in an average hospital nurse’s workload increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (AACN, 2006). According to an extensive study by Dr.  Jack Needleman and Peter Buerhas, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2002, a higher proportion of nursing care provided by RNs and a greater number of hours of care by RNs per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (AACN, 2006). Conclusion: Available data and literature suggest that the issue of nurse shortage is a national one. Yet, the impact of nurse shortage is better seen in the rural areas where nurses are not well paid, existing nurses are not well qualified and patients are dependent on local medical facilities. Because most frontier and rural communities are distant from hospitals, residents may rely on non-hospital based care settings for a greater proportion of their care than their urban counterparts. Due to these reasons, nurse shortage in rural areas has endangered patient safety. Nurses are the primary source of care and support in the health care sector and hence, a sufficient supply of nurses is critical in providing the national and especially the rural population with quality health care. Nurses are expected to play an even larger role in the future.

Ethos Pathos Logos Essay Example

Ethos Pathos Logos Essay Example Ethos Pathos Logos Paper Ethos Pathos Logos Paper Ethos: connection made to the audience, credibility to the author or the opposite If you go to a website, how do you believe It? You look at whos writing it and what they have done In life. Is the author quoting people, Glenn stats, people talked about Pathos: emotional Impact, Mile talks about her love life, Is crying In the video, interview about what wrecking ball means to her and why people should not judge her Logos: the facts of the article, so that Mile made this video, it made this amount of sews, she won this award, stats and evidence Rhetorical strategy- tactic to get a response: like a metaphor, imagery, alliteration, Rhetorical fallacy: a way to manipulate the viewer, to win an argument without evidence Just twisting of words and beliefs. Slippery slope: X to Y: If I fall this class, Im not going to pass, not going to get Into college, not going to get a major, not going to make money, live on the streets, and going to die. So if I fail this class, Im going to die. Red Herring John McCain has 7 houses but it distracts the fact of the matter that he wanted to be president. Gets the attention away from the main argument. Non-sequitur: does not follow, Clinton was only elected because people felt her husband cheated on her Post hoc fallacy of causation, Ernie thinks the banana Is keeping gators away from sesame street when In reality, there are no gators around but Ernie thinks Its due to his banana. Bandwagon: everyone does it, so I do to. Its a Jewish holiday but no one attends school. Ad Hominid: attacks what someone (senator) has done wrong instead of speaking of his ideas to become senator False Authority: Where someone makes an opinion and concludes something without being mastered In the subject or having knowledge to make the analogy. Hollywood actor commenting on physiology but not being a physiologist Is an example. Personalization: Laura wears a yellow shirt so the whole entire school must have

Figurative Language Definition and Examples

Figurative Language Definition and Examples Figurative language is  language in which figures of speech (such as metaphors and metonyms) freely occur. Contrast with  literal  speech  or language. If something happens literally, says childrens book author Lemony Snicket, it actually happens; if something happens figuratively, it feels like it is happening. If you are literally jumping for joy, for instance, it means you are leaping in the air because you are very happy. If you are figuratively jumping for joy, it means you are so happy that you could jump for joy but are saving your energy for other matters†Ã‚  (The Bad Beginning,  2000). Figurative language  can also be defined as any deliberate departure from the conventional meaning, order, or construction of words. Examples It is midmorning. A few minutes ago I took my coffee break. I am speaking figuratively, of course. Theres not a drop of coffee in this place and there never has been.(Tom Robbins, Another Roadside Attraction. Random House, 1971)MetaphorsMemory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food.(Austin OMalley, Keystones of Thought)SimilesThe Dukes moustache was rising and falling like seaweed on an ebb-tide.(P.G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime, 1939)HyperboleI was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far.(Mark Twain, Old Times on the Mississippi)UnderstatementLast week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse.(Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub, 1704)MetonymyThe suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings.ChiasmusYou forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget.(Cormac M cCarthy, The Road, 2006) AnaphoraAnaphora will repeat an opening phrase or word;Anaphora will pour it into a mold (absurd)!Anaphora will cast each subsequent opening;Anaphora will last until its tiring.(John Hollander, Rhymes Reason: A Guide to English Verse. Yale Univ. Press, 1989) Kinds of Figurative Language (1) Phonological figures include alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia. In his poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1842), Robert Browning repeats sibilants, nasals, and liquids as he shows how the children respond to the piper: There was a rustling, that seemed like a bustling / Of merry crowds justling at pitching and hustling. Something sinister has started.(2) Orthographic figures use visual forms created for effect: for example, America spelled Amerika (by left-wing radicals in the 1970s and as the name of a movie in the 1980s) to suggest a totalitarian state.(3) Syntactic figures may bring the non-standard into the standard language, as in US President Ronald Reagans You aint seen nothing yet (1984), a nonstandard double negative used to project a vigorous, folksy image.(4) Lexical figures extend the conventional so as to surprise or entertain, as when, instead of a phrase like a year ago, the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas wrote a grief ago, or when the Irish dramatist Oscar Wilde sai d at the New York Customs, I have nothing to declare but my genius. When people say that you cant take something literally, they are generally referring to usage that challenges everyday reality: for example, through exaggeration (the hyperbole in loads of money), comparison (the simile like death warmed up; the metaphor life is an uphill struggle), physical and other associations (the metonymy Crown property for something owned by royalty), and a part for a whole (the synecdoche All hands on deck!).(Tom McArthur, The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 2005) Observations Figures are as old as language. They lie buried in many words of current use. They occur constantly in both prose and poetry.(Joseph T. Shipley, Dictionary of World Literary Terms, 1970)Traditionally, figurative language such as metaphors and idioms has been considered derivative from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward language. A contemporary view . . . is that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language.(Sam Glucksberg, Understanding Figurative Language. Oxford University Press, 2001)At no place in Book III [of the Rhetoric] does Aristotle claim that these devices [figures] serve an ornamental or emotional function or that they are in any way epiphenomenal. Instead, Aristotles somewhat dispersed discussion suggests that certain devices are compelling because they map a function onto a form or perfectly epitomize certain patterns of thought or argument.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Fig ures in Science. Oxford University. Press, 1999) The emergence of nonliteral language as a respectable topic has led to a convergence of many fields: philosophy, linguistics, and literary analyses, computer science, neuroscience, and experimental cognitive psychology, to name a few. Each of these fields has enriched the scientific understanding of the relation between language and thought.(A.N. Katz, C. Cacciari, R. W. Gibbs, Jr., and M. Turner, Figurative Language and Thought. Oxford University Press, 1998) Figurative Language and Thought This new view of the poetics of mind has the following general characteristics: - The mind is not inherently literal.- Language is not independent of the mind but reflects our perceptual and conceptual understanding of experience.- Figuration is not merely a matter of language but provides much of the foundation for thought, reason and imagination.- Figurative language is not deviant or ornamental but is ubiquitous in everyday speech.- Figurative modes of thought motivate the meaning of many linguistic expressions that are commonly viewed as having literal interpretations.- Metaphorical meaning is grounded in nonmetaphorical aspects of recurring bodily experiences or experiential gestalts.- Scientific theories, legal reasoning, myths, art, and a variety of cultural practices exemplify many of the same figurative schemes found in everyday thought and language.- Many aspects of word meaning are motivated by figurative schemes of thought.- Figurative language does not require special cognitive processes to be produced and understood.- Childrens figurative thought m otivates their significant ability to use and understand many kinds of figurative speech. These claims dispute many beliefs about language, thought, and meaning that have dominated the Western intellectual tradition.(Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. Cambridge University Press, 1994) The Conceptual Metaphor Theory According to the conceptual metaphor theory, metaphors and other forms of figurative language are not necessarily creative expressions. This is admittedly a somewhat unusual idea, as we ordinarily associate figurative language with poetry and with the creative aspects of language. But Gibbs (1994 [above]) suggests that what is frequently seen as a creative expression of some idea is often only a spectacular instantiation of specific metaphorical entailments that arise from the small set of conceptual metaphors shared by many individuals within a culture (p. 424). The conceptual model assumes that the underlying nature of our thought processes is metaphorical. That is, we use metaphor to make sense of our experience. Thus, according to Gibbs, when we encounter a verbal metaphor it automatically activates the corresponding conceptual metaphor. (David W. Carroll, Psychology of Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008) John Updikes Use of Figurative Language [John] Updike wrote self-consciously about big subjects and big themes, but he was always celebrated more for his prose style than for his subject matter. And his great gift, on the level of style, was not just descriptive but explicitly figurativenot about presentation, in other words, but about transformation. This gift could work both for and against him. Figurative language, best employed, is a way of making connections between disparate phenomena, but even more than that it is a way of making us see better, more freshly, more naà ¯vely. Updike was more than capable of such flights: Outdoors it is growing dark and cool. The Norway maples exhale the smell of their sticky new buds and the broad living-room windows along Wilbur Street show beyond the silver patch of a television set the warm bulbs burning in kitchens, like fires at the backs of caves. . . .  [A] mailbox stands leaning in twilight on its concrete post. Tall two-petaled street sign, the cleat-gouged trunk of the telephone pole holding its insulators against the sky, fire hydrant like a golden bush: a grove.[Rabbit, Run] But taking one thing and turning it, via language, into another can also be a way of deferring or denying or opting out of engagement with the thing nominally being described. (Jonathan Dee, Agreeable Angstrom: John Updike, Yes-Man. Harpers, June 2014) The Abuse of Figurative Language Obfuscation also comes from mishandled metaphor. As readers of his reviews will know, letting [James] Wood anywhere near figurative language is like giving an alcoholic the keys to a distillery. In no time, he’s unsteady and comprehensibility is a casualty. Getting images upside down is a speciality. The personality of a Svevo character is, Wood writes, as comically perforated as a bullet-holed flag- an odd view of what’s comical since such a flag would usually be found among the dead and mutilated on a battlefield. Another character is inundated with impressions . . . like Noah’s dove. The point about Noah’s dove, though, is that it wasn’t inundated but survived the flood and ultimately brought back evidence that the waters had subsided. (Peter Kemp, review of How Fiction Works by James Wood. The Sunday Times, March 2, 2008)

Dq-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq-Terence - Essay Example lem and proceed towards the research questions, then the collection of data, followed by data analysis and later on the research report generation (Seidman, 2012). Both the studies also explore various types of qualitative and quantitative approaches with an aim to extract the exact information about a certain phenomenon. The data collection techniques in both approaches are similar since they all employ the use of questionnaires, interviews, audiovisual materials and many other types of techniques for obtaining the information (Silverman, 2013). In terms of focus, Phenomenological research is mainly aimed at comprehending the purpose of the occurrence of existence of a certain phenomenon while case studies focus to develop a conclusive analysis and description of a particular case that may be individual or in multiple forms (Creswell, 2013). In terms of the type of Problem suited for design, Phenomenological research mainly handles the importance of existence of a phenomenon that already exists in the real world while Case Studies mainly seeks to provide an understanding of a particular case or various multiple cases (Creswell, 2013). In terms of background of the discipline phenomenological research is mainly applied in education, philosophy and psychology while case studies is widely applicable in the fields of medicine, psychology, political science and law (Creswell, 2013). In relation to Unit of Analysis, Phenomenological research relies on the study of similar experiences shared by various individuals while case studies analyses a specific event, an activity, a program and it incorporates more than one individual (Creswell, 2013). In relation to the data collection forms, phenomenological research the primary data collection tools and techniques adopted are individual interviews. However, art, observations and secondary sources such as documentations may also be used. Case Studies In terms of strategies of data analysis Phenomenological research, data

Research Paper focusing on prison life and strategies to decrease

Focusing on prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmate's release from prison - Research Paper Example Any action against the law comes under consideration as a crime and that person is liable of punishment. However, it can come under many arguments that whether a person’s behavior or perspective related to performing crime changes after getting punishment for the crimes he committed. Crime is a grave subject in the twenty first century that leaves an indelible imprint on not only the victims but also the person behind the crime and society as a whole. Due to the acceleration in the crime rate and criminals, the need for more and more prisons comes under the observation. The justice system in a society is present in order to alleviate crime and provide security to the denizens, which is their fundamental right. United States of America is one of those countries that have strong and powerful justice system. There are two types of courts, one is state court, and the other is federal court, and two kinds of trials, namely criminal and civil in U.S. justice system (Pierce, 2006). T here are many types of justice systems, out of which Criminal justice system is one to mention. The criminal justice system comprises of many aspects and prison is its one important feature. Imprisonment is a punishment given by law to a person who has committed crime. There are many reasons for having a prison in the U.S. Retribution is one of the prime reasons to have prison. The criminals involved in social crimes such as robbery, kidnapping, rape, murder etc comes under penalty by imprisoning them. By holding-back the criminals from their independence, law force them to pay for the loss or damage they made to the society. Another reason of having prisons in U.S. is incapacitation. In order to make the society free from the terror of criminals and to curb their activities, authorities throw the criminals into the prisons. Fear of punishment may develop amongst the prisoners while in the prison, which acts as a caution to prevent them from performing crimes in the future. This pur pose of prisons comes under the name of Deterrence. One more key intention of having prisons is Rehabilitation. It includes a series of activities and procedures where criminals undergo therapies in order to bring a change in their thinking and mindset. A psychologist or community activists are helpful in achieving this motive. Education and skill development programs can also play a vital role in transforming the criminals into disciplined denizens (Pierce, 2006). Though the purpose of making prisons is present in a fruitful manner, it is not necessary that the conditions to accomplish these objectives come under witness. The conditions of U.S. prisons seem to be horrible. According to sources (Barkan & Bryjak, 2011), the employee responsible for keeping an eye and managing prisoners tend to abuse them verbally, physically, mentally and emotionally. It has also come under observation that the prisoners get inhuman treatment by the authorities. In addition, discrimination on basis o f race and color exists between the prisoners and they form separate groups on basis of it. Food quality in the prisons of U.S. is low, causing multiple health issues, some of which results in deaths (Barkan & Bryjak, 2011). Convicts in high security prisons, come under deprivation from fresh atmosphere and socializing, as they stay in loneliness inside an undersized, dark room for whole day where they feel