Death Of The American Dream Essay - 1387 Words

Death of the American Dream. The promise that the American dream will bring happiness is a delusion, which many people have become victims to from being inspired by the propaganda and the false hope which it creates. The four texts, The Great Gatsby directed by Baz Luhrmann Fight Club written by Chuck Palahniuk, American Beauty directed by Sam Mendes and Revolutionary Road, directed by Sam Mendes give proof to this claim as they illustrate the reality of the dream which is that it is the end of a person s personal identity. The Idea which coincides with the theme of the death of the American dream is that people must portray the look of happiness through the display of possessions when striving for success, as represented in The Great gatsby and American beauty. With the idea that the American dream causes self destruction is portrayed in the texts Fight Club and Revolutionary Road. What becomes apparent in The Great Gatsby and American Beauty is the idea that those who have supposedly attained the dream make displays of their happiness, though flaunting their possessions in the eye of others to mask their unhappiness. In both texts the main characters have been surrounded by lavish and expensive furniture which has become the main part of their lifestyle. After attaining the ‘dream’ they both have developed the idea that the most important things in life is what others think of you, these consist of both your status and the happiness which you portray. Although bothShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The American Dream1977 Words   |  8 PagesMichael Talanker Ms. Casperson AP English III 28 January 2015 The Death of the American Dream in the 1920s and the Narrative of The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald named the boisterous era known as the Roaring Twenties the â€Å"Jazz Age,† a name fitting for the cultural upheaval that occurred during the decade. The 1920s were referred to as so because of the dramatic change that took place in the United States during the decade, so dramatic that it was internationally recognized as a turbulent periodRead MoreAmerican Dream - Death of a Salesman1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Death of a Salesman greatly portrays a specific ideology in regards to values, dreams, goals, and success in our consumer-driven society. It helps showcase the American dream that society tends to strive for even in the early 1900’s (the play is set in the 1940’s). That dream of being a successful business person or vendor. As well as the theory that image and physical attributes are most important to gaining fruition. Willy Loman plays a man in his sixties who has strived for this AmericanRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman And The Am erican Dream Essay2203 Words   |  9 Pagescoming together created the illusion of The American Dream. Back then; the American dream was equated with freedom and material prosperity, two concepts that ring true today. The definition of the American dream changes as society in the United States changes, and the connotation and reality of the American Dream is disheartening. Two literary compositions give a realistic outlook on what the American Dream really is. In Death of a Salesman and The American Dream, Arthur Miller and Edward Albee masterfullyRead MoreOf Mice and Men: The Death of the American Dream1178 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 10 The Death of the American Dream The American Dream has always been one of the most prominent ideals in American society. Of Mice and Men was written by Steinbeck in 1937. It focuses on the lives of two men, Lennie and George, as they try to fulfill their own American Dream of owning a small farm. While this seems like an attainable dream in the beginning, Steinbeck chooses instead to destroy this dream utterly with the death of Lennie. Curley’s wife had an American Dream of being an actressRead MoreThe American Dream as It Relates to Death of a Salesman1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream as it Relates to Death of a Salesman The theme of the American Dream is extremely prevalent in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. It is so prevalent that there are literally hundreds of different to ways to analyze how the theme is used in the play. One interesting perspective is that the different characters in the play represent different versions of the American Dream. Biff represents the 19th century version of the American Dream, Happy represents the 20th century versionRead MoreThe American Dream and Death of a Salesman Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream is one of the most sought-after things in the United States, even though it is rarely, if ever, achieved. According to historian Matthew Warshauer, the vision of the American Dream has changed dramatically over time. In his 2003 essay â€Å"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Changing Conceptions of the American Dream†, Warshauer claims that the American Dream had gone from becoming wealthy by working hard and earning money, to getting rich qu ickly and easily. He attributes this change toRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman American Dream Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman, Arthur MIller s tragic protagonist of Death in a salesman, stated, â€Å"Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (MIller 122) Lowman, expresses his perception on his succession by planting flowers into the ground. Believing nothing he accomplished was nearly suitable to feel satisfaction. This is exactly, the â€Å"American dream†: a fantasy for some, and a standard of success easily pursued by others; a belief that through the virtues of hard work, ingenuity and fortune, oneRead MoreEssay about Death of the American Dream1042 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Death of the American Dream Flashback to the stigma of anti-Communism in the 1950s, communism places extreme emphasis on class divisions, specifically the unfair nature of the upper class’ domination of the working class. To admit class divisions was to invite revolution and socialism. So instead, we told ourselves that, in this country, class did not exist; that a free-market capitalist society permits anyone who wants to improve his socioeconomic status to do so. In his essay Class in America:Read MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages The American Dream is based on the Declaration of Independence ´: We believe that all men are born with these inalienable rights - life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. ´ (Thomas Jefferson, 1776). This dream ´ consists of a genuine and determined belief that in America, all things are possible to all men, regardless of birth or wealth; you work hard enough you will achieve anything. However, Miller says people have been ultimately misguided ´. The originsRead MoreAnalysis Of The American Dream In The Death Of A Salesman1917 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican writer, James Truslow Adams defined the â€Å"American Dream† as the â€Å"dream of a land in which life should be better and richer, and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Clark). Many mistakenly associate the American Dream’s success with materialistic wealth, such as the Kardashian’s or Mark Zuckerberg’s,   the success of the American dream to be associated with materialistic wealth, but Adams refers to it as a better lifestyle. Even though the United

Police Enforcement And The Police Agencies - 1609 Words

Introduce: I think we all can agree that the police agencies, image has been ruined in every way you could possibly think of. I truly believe that no one honors the police agencies anymore. As technology has enhance over the years, far as cell phones, people are able to see what police officers are really doing while on the force. There have been many video release when police brutality was reveal, as well as how the police agencies respond to an incident. Over the years, community policing has declined. People just don’t trust the police anymore. The media has ruined it! The police is here to protect. Police agencies, faces a number of issues today, I found that preventing racial profiling, recruiting and retaining a skilled workforce, and reducing community violence were the most challenging. All points go hand in hand, to actually produce a solution to better the police agencies. Recruiting and retaining a skilled workforce: There are in an increase in challenges, with recruiting and retaining a skilled workforce. Police agencies are having experiencing shortage issues. According to ABCNews, states that the number of applicants to the police department has dropped 90 percent over the past five years, and Reno, Nev., which reports a decline of 50 percent since 1997. There are varies reason why people don’t join the police agencies, such as people view the job as â€Å"dangerous†. Most people are likely to join the force simply because it something at heart. According toShow MoreRelatedPolice Agencies And Police Enforcement Agencies1900 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract It’s important to address the issues police agency’s faces on a regular. Police agencies have a number of problems with controlling racial profiling, maintaining acceptable recruiting and retaining a skilled workforce, and reducing community violence. These factors are extremely indurate. However, the issues can be resolved. Law enforcement officers often force to face negative stereotyping. Nevertheless, police agency s are able to overcome such an obstacle. There exists a growing sentimentRead MorePolice Agencies and Law Enforcements812 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Agencies Law enforcement is a major element to keeping the balance of a society. Yet, it is an incredibly complex endeavor. In this country, the execution of law enforcement has been broken up into local, state, and federal agencies that all address varying elements of law enforcement, and often in collaboration with each other. The current structure of law enforcement in this country is very complex. There are various types of police agencies broken up based on differing jurisdictionRead MorePolice Enforcement Is An Evolving Agency Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesLaw enforcement has been an evolving agency just as many fields in the US. 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Police And Other Agencies Within Law Enforcement1469 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Police and other agencies within law enforcement receive multiple calls for service daily. They enter a world of the unknown while being required to serve and protect the general public fairly, without bias toward race, religion, gender, or political affiliation. They are confronted with serious crimes that they must deal with at any given moment, on any given day. Law enforcement officers may receive a call-for-service to handle a domestic dispute where weapons are involved, respondRead MoreThe History of Police Agencies and Different Types of Law Enforcement877 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of Police Agencies: Policing in the United States has mainly been based and expanded on the ideas of English way of policing. The English way of policing has not only been used as the basis for American policing but it has also been used to commence an era of evolving police agencies. In its early years, policing in the United States was largely regarded as a civic duty or responsibility of community members. The appointed officers were neither trained nor paid for their servicesRead MoreLaw Enforcement History: Historical Development of Police Agencies and Their Jurisdictions1017 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Development of Police Agencies and Their Jurisdictions: An Analysis Man is cruel and competitive. For these reasons, man often times wrongs others in society. And for this reason, it is necessary to have a law enforcement agency, whether local, state-based, or federal. In the absence of the rule of law, society would not be able to function, and man must make a pact that, in order to live and be protected within society, he must obey these laws. Police agencies often times serve as the

Writing a Reaction Paper free essay sample

Writing a Reaction Paper v A reaction paper is an analysis and an evaluation of the material presented. v In a reaction paper, make sure to give a detailed overview of the experience and tell what exactly was taken out of the experience. v A reaction paper should be more than a simple summary of the material that you are reacting upon. v It should include your opinion or reaction to the material. v This may take on a variety of forms: S You may compare the work to other related material; S You may come up with ways to improve the work; S You may express what you learned; S You may concur with the work or argue against the work v You can even use l, or the first person, in this type of paper. How to Write a Reaction Paper Consider these general steps as you plan your writing: Pull your thoughts together on what you Just experienced. Come up with a thesis statement. Come up with what reaction you want to put down on paper. Decide on your organization and format draft your reaction paper. As a starting point for your reaction paper, select two or three major points from the following list and write a paragraph for each point. S React to the ideas presented. Are they clear and suitable? Explain the ideas, give examples of their application in the material presented, and compare/contrast the ideas with your own. 5 Compare it to another material. How was it similar to the other material? How was it different? Which did you enjoy more? What makes it more enjoyable? Which did you learn more from? S Discuss specific insights or facts you have learned or gained from reading the material presented. Discuss each insight or fact you have learned in a detailed paragraph, using direct examples from the material presented. Include a page reference to the material you are reacting to. S Make a Judgment about the material presented and support it. Did you like it? Why or why not? Elaborate on your answer by commenting on the content, style, clarity, validity of ideas and method of presentation. S Analyzed the material presented. What is its purpose? How does it go about achieving its goal? What is the plan/ method of presentation? S Tell what others might gain from the material presented. Is it valuable? Is it informative, entertaining, or accurate? Do you think your instructor should use it again? Why or why not? In your conclusion, summarize your ideas and tie them together. Writing a Reaction or Response Essay Reaction or response papers are usually requested by teachers so that youll consider carefully what you think or feel about something youve read. The following guidelines are intended to be used for reacting to a reading although they could easily be used for reactions to films too. Read whatever youve been asked to respond to, and while reading, think about the following questions. How do you feel about What do you agree or disagree with? Can you identify with the situation? What would be the best way to evaluate the story? Keeping your responses to these questions in mind, follow the following prewriting steps. Prewriting for Your Reaction Paper The following statements could be used in a reaction/response paper. Complete as many statements as possible, from the list below, about what you Just read. My Reaction to What I Just Read Is That I think that; I see that; I feel that; It seems that; In my opinion; Because; A good quote is; In addition; For example; Moreover; However; Consequently; Finally; In conclusion. What youve done in completing these statements is written a very rough reaction/ response paper. Now it needs to be organized. Organizing Your Reaction Paper A reaction/response paper has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The introduction should contain all the basic information in one or two paragraphs. I Sentence 1: publication you read. I This sentence should give the title, author, and I Isentence 2, 3, and sometimes 4: I These sentences give a brief summary of what you read (nutshell) I Isentence 5: I This sentence is your thesis statement. You agree, disagree, identify, or evaluate. Your introduction should include a concise, one sentence, focused thesis. This is the focused statement of your reaction/response. The body should contain paragraphs that provide support for your thesis. Each paragraph should contain one idea. Topic sentences should support the thesis, and the final sentence of each paragraph should lead into the next paragraph. I Topic Sentence I Idetail example quotation detail example quotation detail example quotation detail example quotation ( You can structure your paragraphs in two ways: I Author I You OR I in contrast to I ISummary Sentence ( The conclusion can be a restatement of what you said in your paper. It also be a comment which focuses your overall reaction. Finally, it can be a prediction of the effects of what youre reacting to. Note: your conclusion should include no new information. Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to write, and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper. A writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best. Your conclusion should be the best part of your paper. A conclusion should stress the importance of the thesis statement, give the essay a sense of completeness, and leave a final impression on the reader. Suggestions Answer the question So What? Show your readers why this paper was important. Show them that your paper was meaningful and useful. Synthesize, dont summarize o Dont simply repeat things that were in your paper. They have read it. Show them how the points you made and the support and examples you used were not random, but fit together. Redirect your readers o Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use your paper in the real world. If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally. Ђ Create a new meaning o You dont have to give new information to create a new meaning. By demonstrating how your ideas work together, you can create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts. Strategies Echoing the introduction: Echoing your introduction can be a good strategy if it is meant to bring the reader full-circle. If you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay was helpful in creating a new understanding. Example Introduction From the parking lot, I could see the towers of the castle of the Magic Kingdom tanding stately against the blue sky. To the right, the tall peak of The Matterhorn rose even higher. From the left, I could hear the Jungle sounds of Adventureland. As I entered the gate, Main Street stretched before me with its quaint shops evoking an old-fashioned small town so charming it could never have existed. I was entranced. Disneyland may have been built for children, but it brings out the child in adults. Conclusion I thought I would spend a few hours at Disneyland, but here I was at 1 A. M. closing time, leaving the front gates with the now dark towers of the Magic Kingdom behind me. I could see tired children, toddling along and struggling to keep their eyes open as best they could. Others slept in their parents arms as we waited for the parking lot tram that would take us to our cars. My forty-year-old feet ached, and I felt a bit sad to think that in a couple of days I would be leaving California, my vacation over, to go back to my desk. But then I smiled to think that for at least a day I felt ten years old again. Challenging the reader: By issuing a challenge to your apply it to their own lives. Example Though serving on a Jury is not only a civic responsibility but also an interesting xperience, many people still view Jury duty as a chore that interrupts their Jobs and the routine of their daily lives. However, Juries are part of Americas attempt to be a free and Just society. Thus, Jury duty challenges us to be interested and responsible Looking to the future: Looking to the future can emphasize the citizens. importance of your paper or redirect the readers thought process. It may help them apply the new information to their lives or see things more globally. Example Without well-qualified teachers, schools are little more than buildings and equipment. If higher-paying careers continue to attract the best and the brightest students, there will not only be a shortage of teachers, but the teachers available may not have the best qualifications. Our youth will suffer. And when youth suffers, the future suffers. Posing questions: Posing questions, either to your readers or in general, may help your readers gain a new perspective on the topic, which they may not have held before reading your conclusion. It may also bring your main ideas together to create a new meaning. Example Campaign advertisements should help us understand the candidates ualifications and positions on the issues. Instead, most tell us what a boob or knave the opposing candidate is, or they present general images of the candidate as a family person or God-fearing American. Do such advertisements contribute to creating an informed electorate or a people who choose political leaders the same way they choose soft drinks and soap? Summary In summary, this handout has covered prewriting and organizing strategies for reaction/response papers. Prewriting o Read the article and Jot down ideas. o How do you feel about what was said? Do you agree or disagree with the author? Have you had any applicable experience? o Have you read or heard anything that applies to this what the writer said in the article or book? o Does the evidence in the article support the statements the writer made? Organizing o Write the thesis statement first. o Decide on the key points that will focus your ideas. The se will be your topic o Develop your ideas by adding examples, quotations, and details to sentences. your paragraphs. o Make sure the last sentence of each paragraph leads into the next paragraph. o Check your thesis and make sure the topic sentence of each paragraph supports it.

Serial Killers an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Serial Killers By definition, one is labeled or called a serial killer when he/she murdered three or more people in three or more separate events over a period of time, resulting to his/her great psychological fulfillment and satisfaction. With this definition, anyone can be a serial killer: no race, age, and gender boundaries. Anyone can also be the victim under specified circumstances where the killers are and willing to slay. Need essay sample on "Serial Killers" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Another important term that is necessary to extract its legal definition is capital punishment. Capital punishment is also popularly known as Capital Sentence and Death Penalty. Capital punishment is the decision to put the convicted defendant to death. It is the decision made by a jury in the second phase of a capital case. The defendant, whether to put in capital case or not, is also a factor of the decision of the jury. There are lists of special circumstances in each state on deciding whether to the case into capital or not. Multiple murders are the most common special circumstance that enables the prosecution of capital punishment. Another is heinous slaying and bombing. Ted Bundy, Tookie Williams, and Charles Manson were all convicted as serial killers. Bundy brutally murdered 30 women and was put to death row for a decade. His handsome face and appealing traits were his investments for luring his victims. According to the various appeals submitted by Bundy, he incorporates violence on women through pornography. He appealed that by perverting his sense of sexual pleasure from pornography, his behavior was molded inclusive of violence on women. Though he lifted the issue on pornography, still in 1989, he was still put to death. On the other hand, Tookie Williams was convicted and was put to death row over two decades. The evidence on his slaying of Owens (convenient store clerk) and a Chinese couple and their daughter was rock solid. Though the evidences were rock solid, Williams until his execution day on 2005 did not claimed the crimes. Lastly, Charles Manson, as he believed himself as the reincarnation of God, both Satan and Christ, was convicted as a serial killer in 1969 but was not executed by death penalty. Manson killed even an eight month pregnant on his blood rampage in 1969 but still, he was given the parole. Now, evaluating the three cases of serial killers, Bundy, Williams and Manson did not differ in the manner they slay their victims, for they all convicted as serial killers. All of them killed heinously and vigorously. Bundy is perverted, Williams is a robber, and Manson is reincarnated God and Satan, they do not make any sense of difference. They all killed many people and the lives of their victims were never be replaced y any means. In addition, the families left by their victims suffered too much, in material, time and in psyche, they all deserve to receive justice for their love ones. Like anyone in this world, he/she is entitled to live with security. Their differences can be recognized only on their alibis and the manner they deliver and support their alibis. These cases are not an issue of civil rights or humanity like what supporters of Bundy plead. These are an issue of criminal justice system. Almost all, 36 states specifically, in America have legislated the Capital Punishment two years before Bundy was put to death. But unfortunately, Bundy was only put to death after almost a decade. Bundy, appealed and appealed thus prolonged his life. How about his victims? Did the supporters of the defendant ever hear the screams and how the victims scream for help? Did the supporters ever hear when the victims were screaming in pain? Or, did the supporters ever hear how the victims scream and beg just have them continue their lives when in fact it is their right to hold their lives? Their victims died in an unexpected time and an unwanted and unacceptable manner. The case of Bundy was a failure of the criminal justice system. The Capital Punishment was those times, recognized by all under the constitution. However, 13 states among the 36 states that have legislated Capital Punishment, considered an optional use of the capital. The argument is that, when a law is put into an effect, it must be followed. But here, the criminal justice authority of Florida waited for endless appeals of the defendant who was actually proven guilty. Consequently, the failure of the criminal justice of Florida costs it $6 million dollars for the excessive imprisonment fees. Because there was a need to enforce Capital Punishment, then the strategy basically was to reduce or limit the appeals. By doing so, the criminal justice authority was able to save time and money by the reduction and limitation of appeals. There has been a mandatory appeal that enables to hasten up the execution process. There is no way that the opponents of the Capital Punishment can argue on the mandatory appeal. The reason for giving so is to eliminate wrongfully convicted inmates. Dramatically, the supporters of Williams believed that to put him to death is to put an innocent one to death. The supporters believed in him throughout his two decades in death row plus on the day he was lethally injected. In fact according to his supporters that his life was worth saving when he became an anti-gang crusader during the times he was in death row. In addition, his deeds in the death row were recognized by an array of college professors. The Nobel Peace Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature were his two noble prize nominations. Further, he co-authored on books for children, as if he was credible. Deny for clemency was the right thing that Governor Schwarzenegger did because there was a cumulative weight of evidence against Williams. Before the deny of clemency was given, the jury not only found Williams guilty on his crimes but all so raise doubts about him. The punishment of death was constitutional. And when something is constitutional, it can not be easily broken by anyone. Robert Martin, one who sent the defendant in jail, made a very intriguing argument to the supporters of Williams. According to him, there is no and never will there be an equivalence between co-authoring some childrens book and killing four people. Killing cannot be forgiven by writing books for books are not equal to the lives of the victims. Money cannot pay lives of the victims, so much more for books as payment for lives. Under the law, either of God or the State, anyone is never allowed to kill anyone. For Mansons criminal case, maybe his supporters were sensationalized by his claimed to be the so called incarnated God and Satan. If and only if the supporters were thinking, they should have realized that there is never a God and at the same time is Satan for the two can never be together: God and Satan are the opposites of one another. As a consequence of the release of Manson and his appearance on television during 1980s and 1990s, the supporters of Capital Punishment were brought to 80%. Every action has an equal and just consequence and punishment. Therefore crimes also have their corresponding punishment. Bundy, Williams and Manson should have all been executed. Let the truth be revealed from the process of the criminal justice. Once it is revealed, accept it and respect it. The states and each state have established its legislation. And whatever is constitutional, impose it. They are not displays. They are guides and protection of everybody. The laws as well as the rules and regulations are not monsters that will eat the public. Use them as a tool for righteousness. And, be smart enough to know what is true and what is just for everyone: the defendant, the victim, and the public. References Haven, Chris. (). St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture, 2002 Gale Group, Capital Punishment. 2007 CNET Networks, Inc. Retrieved November 17, 2007 Rowlands, Ted, Wynter, Kareen, Mears, Bill. (Tuesday, December 13, 2005). Law Center, Warden: Williams frustrated at end, Crips gang co-founder put to death for 4 murders. CNN News. Retrieved November 17, 2007 Wofford, Jana. The Death Penalty. Retrieved November17, 2007

Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Essays

Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Essays Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Paper Paulo Freire essay analysis about banking education Paper The High school life I experience d in Korea was extreme banking style. All we did in the class was to just sit and take notes on what teachers taught us. Everything was so restricted and made us only concentrate on cad mimic subjects. So I expected a big positive change in high school in terms of learning system whew n I was coming aboard. Unfortunately, there wasnt a big change. Teacher was still a dominant or in the class and we were just robot that simply listened to the information that teacher Provo deed for us and store it in our head. The only way of conveying the information was by listening, or roving presentation for us. Different from what I expected, the education in Niles We SST High School was still unprepossessing. First of all, When I came to high school in US, there was a clear change on am aunt Of communication that teacher and students go through in learning process. But , containers and receptacles relationship was still maintained where students simply asked quo session about lecture if they were not understanding some of the features. This type of interaction s not helpful because the only purpose is to redeposit what students have missed. Although h there was scenically more communications involved, Paulo Fire argues that there has to be a freedom during communication by saying, In this process, arguments based on auto ritzy are no longer valid; in order to function, authority must be on the side of freedom not again SST if (Fire, 80). Authority of teachers is not an exception for high school in US. It is already as sums that students are undeveloped human and teachers are those who always have answers of r students. Because of the assumptions that high school have, students tend to underestimate the IR knowledge and intelligence, and this is why oppression is correlated with banking education s yester. This oppression is functioning as a gate that blocks students from becoming a con couscous being which can think critically. Everything in high school becomes so routine as student TTS start to accept the assumption that school creates while students have no idea what this pro sees could do to them. To give a clear result Of ratification, Paulo comes up with consequence sees of this cycled life by saying, The capability of banking education to minimize or annul the SST dents creative ewer and to stimulate their credulity serves the interests of the oppressors, who care neither to have the world revealed nor to see it transformed(Fire, 73). By becoming a target of oppressors, students in US high school fails to transcend themselves and Simi ply stops at the level where teachers got up to. Despite of similarity between US and South Korea high school, there is one HTH Eng that distinct US high school from South Korea. In South Korea, people have extreme e black and white thought about students life in high school. That is, students will have to either choose studying or extracurricular activity. But, Teachers in South Korea high school always tee II students that the only way of succeeding in your life is by simply studying hard. So, majority of s dents spend the whole day just studying without any other activities involved. However, US high school was different. Students were still able to be part of both things and still maintain t heir grades. Students in US was more flexible about spending time. Instead of staying in the e classroom all the time, school provided us opportunities to go on a field trip. Field trip has to be a trip to somewhere that can be helpful for students perceiving the features that they earned during the class. For example, Students in our high school went to Museum of Science a ND Industry in Chicago for Mathematical Modeling class to actually see and analyze about the e topic that we are researching on. During field trip, students have freedom to go wherever we w ant and have communication with classmates about their research. Students kept asking q questions each other and tried to come up with answers to it. This is what critical thinking should b e where students ask each other without answer and tried to come up with the solution together where dialogue is involved. Although students experience what predisposing education during g field trip, the time they spend on this experience is too short to unlock themselves from pop oppression. When students return to the school, they go back to their own original routine and f ail to be conscious. Obstacle that disturb students from being conscious is segregation in US high school. One thing that I really liked about SIS high school was that the opportunities t hat school provided for me. If students get good GAP, they can get into honor society where they c an get more opportunities such as taking more advanced class, receiving information ABA UT scholarships and academic programs. It might seems that school is doing a good job in provide Eng best environment for students, but there is downside of this. By involving in a group p where only smart students go, they will feel very proud and honorable. However, this ho nor that school provides is rewards by oppressors which means that they reward students of r following the method that they created. This way of blocking students consciousness is call deed operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, and the well known experiment of this is rat in the box with lever which condition the rat to press the lever by awarding them with food every it me they press it . It encourages the subject to associate desirable or undesirable outcomes with c retain behaviors. Basically, oppressors rewards students with honor so that students will press rev banking education without revolting. For those of who dont see the downside of bank Eng education might say oppressors are providing more opportunities and honors to those ho deserve it and helping students to grow, but Paulo argues that, Indeed, the interests of the oppressors lie in changing the consciousness of the oppressed, not the situation which oppress sees them, for the more easily they can be dominated(Fire, 74). Oppressors wants to avoid an y obstacles that oppresses them and simple way of doing this is to prevent students developing g into a conscious being. On the other side, students with bad grades are always pressurized by teachers to work hard on their grade. Teacher tell them to pay more attention to materials in CLC ass to get better grades. These students often get called out by the deans to talk about their g reads. Because of this, the conception of getting called out by deans automatically became you are trouble maker. This feeling of shame and expectation of teachers about grade functioned as punishment in operant conditioning and made students lock themselves into banking educate ion. Though there was segregation between students, they were all simply just targets of oppress sorts. In conclusion, compare to extreme ban king education in South Korea high SC wool, there was not that much difference in US high school. Teacher is still a narrator and dents are container where they simply just process the information that teacher provide sees. This kind of interaction made students life very routine, and they become very adapt able to the environment where no critical thinking is involved. There was still activity involve Veda where students were able to interact each other with constant questioning and critic al thinking. However, this was only small portion of time compared to the time students s Penn on banking education in high school. Another problem was segregation between student s. Those who worked hard to get good GAP was rewarded and those who didnt try hard WA punished.

Hardware essays

Hardware essays ABC Construction Company is a construction firm specializing in custom homes and office plazas. It has a corporate office in Atlanta with field offices in Mobile and Jacksonville. To date, interaction between the offices has been minimal. Each office obtained their own supplies, designed their own blueprints and pursued their own customer leads. They had no presence on the Web. CAD design was done on older Sun Sparc 2 Workstations and accounting and personnel records were kept on Apollo 725 UNIX Workstations. All workstations have external tape backup. The sales reps and buyers use a common bull pen for contacting customers and suppliers. The administrative staff and sales reps use a few old Windows PCs for printing documents, forms, and customer database. Recently the owner attended a conference of similar construction companies and found ABC was in the Dark Ages. After studying similar business models, ABC began working with a well recommended Internet Service Provider. ABC does not have any IT personnel and decided to have the ISP provide most of the services through offsite support and onsite support only as needed. This will allow for the shortest and safest path for a company just starting into IT and e-commerce field. Latter on, they can work with the ISP to decide which services can be more effectively managed in-house. This will also give time to train personnel with the new technologies and hire or outsource IT support as needed. In the initial phase, ABC will purchase three Windows 2000 servers, switches, and lease a router from the ISP for each of the three sites. Additionally, Windows 2000 Professional workstations will be purchased for the users. The bull pen rooms will be reorganized with partitioning and modern lighting. The sales reps will be given hand phones issued from the Atlanta office. The CAD designers will rotate through the Atlanta office for onsite training of AutoCAD for ...

Due to their low-cost and high-quality of goods, new technology and Thesis

Due to their low-cost and high-quality of goods, new technology and computers are eliminating jobs in America - Thesis Example Automated machines have displayed a high consistency, quality output and good work flow. They simplify production and reduce lead times. In regard to safety, they reduce the number of on-the-job casualties that can occur hence reduced medical bills for injured workers. They are a solution to harsh and dangerous working conditions and workplaces, for example, places with toxic fumes, under water and fire (Jeremy, 1995). They perform tasks that are beyond human capabilities, endurance and speed. Louise (2010) reveals that the drop in manufacturing employment is significant in America especially over the past decade. He further states that between the years 2000 and 2007 alone, there has been a 20% drop in manufacturing employment. The drop has increased further, because of the recent recession, by 15%. In many manufacturing companies, routine tasks have been automated. Therefore, there is no more need to have many workers. Manufacturing companies have witnessed improved production as a result of tapping into computers and other improved technology. Manufactures are also encouraged by the cost-efficiency of these automated machines and computers as compared to paying many workers. This has led to low cost of production and has translated to better profits and hence a good reason to keep out human labor to the best extend possible. This has led to many people loosing their jobs and the jobless remaining jobless (Jeremy, 1995). According to Louise (2010), there has been about six times increase in the amount of information processing equipment from the year 1987- 2007 in the US. These information processing equipment include robots and computers. Manufacturers also doubled the capital used per employee for each hour’s work in this period. This led to increased production capital thus reduced net profits. These advanced computers and robotics have increased production by enabling machines to perfume routine tasks better than men. This has encouraged replacemen t of the expensive, less productive human labor by of robots and computers. The loss of employment due to improved technology and computers is not only limited to manufacturing companies. Workers in other sectors have also been affected. For example, automated telephone switchboards and telephone answering have replaced telephone operators. In the medical fields such as electrocardiography or radiography, primary screening is now done faster and more accurately by automated systems. The analysis of human genes, tissues and cells is also done by automated machines. This has locked out medical personnel who are qualified to do these jobs (Brain, 2003). Automated video surveillance (AVS) was developed and applied for security purposes between 1997—1999. The airborne video surveillance (AVS) was developed between 1998 and 2002. These have been used in busy environments to monitor people. They record happenings, send warning signals incase of danger and alert authorities incase al arming situations happen therefore replacing a significant number of human security personnel (Brain, 2003). Tellers in banks have also been greatly affected due to development of automated teller machines (ATMs). For cash and other transactions, people no longer the need to visit banks and queue for a long time for these services. Due to growing demand for safety and mobility on the roads, there has been adoption of the automated highway systems. Over the last six years the US congress has allocated over $600million for the development of intelligent transport systems

Latin Western European Business Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Latin Western European Business Culture - Essay Example Collectivism, the propensity of people to stay within a long-term group, is also rated high. The Masculinity rating corresponds to emphasis laid on the traditional viewpoint of men's and women's roles, while Uncertainty avoidance rating indicates that rules and long-term employment within the same structure are preferred. Finally, the long term / short-term rating is in favour of longer term attitudes, based on perseverance and relationships ordered by status. These cultural dimensions give a basis from which to assess certain aspects of Latin Western European Business Culture. However it is not the complete picture. In the areas of business communication, particularly in face-to-face communication and business negotiations, it is also of interest to compare the concepts advanced by Hall (Hall) and in particular that of the high context and low context cultures. According to Hall, in a high context business culture, the information transmitted in a communication is minimised because implicitly much of the information required is already present in the setting. Low context cultures are the reverse: the communication contains far more information because this information is not present in the setting. According to this model, Latin culture is high-context. Besides the situations already mentioned, this model also finds particular application in the advertising and promotional activities that most businesses engage in. This kind of communica tion remains somewhat basic and even terse in Latin countries as compared to the other Western European groups (Anglo, Germanic and Nordic). Hall also elaborated a second theory of how different cultures structure their time, which he refers to as polychronic or monochronic time orientation. A top-level approach for Latin countries puts them into the polychronic category. The immediate implications are of the priority of interpersonal relations over schedule and appointments, the simultaneity of tasks and the mixing of work time and personal time. Like the other theories alluded to above, this generates different results when we consider the four countries on an individual basis. Because the creation of the European Community has encouraged the individual member countries to trade more among themselves and, by extension, with the rest of the world, it is interesting to note how the Latin Western European countries and their businesses fare in a cross-cultural context. In particular, a different principle is applied here, that of the Self Referencing Criteria or SRC defined by Lee (Lee). In essence, this describes the cultural trap of assuming that other countries use the same cultural values as one's own. It is the failure to perceive things from the standpoint of a person of a different culture. The Latin countries that we are dealing with here display marked differences in this regard. The first country to be examined using these tools of cultural investigation is France. It is a country which at the same time is Mediterranean and Latin, but which also exhibits a number of non-Latin characteristics, in keeping with its proximity to, or common borders with, a number of (mainly) Germanic countries such as Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Of the five cultural dimensions, French business culture can be classified as follows. Power-distance is relatively high with top

Life in Navy Boot Camp Essay Example for Free

Life in Navy Boot Camp Essay It was a warm summer evening as I packed for Navy Boot Camp. I carefully went down the list of things I could take and ensured I didn’t have anything else. A little nervous I went to talk to my parents about my move to becoming my own man. I looked at their faces and could tell that although they were proud they were a little nervous about their only son leaving home for the first time. My mom tried to smile but she was proud yet nervous because I had always been her little guy so she was having a hard time letting go. After a short conversation with my parents I decided to try and rest for the long journey ahead. Its now 5 o’clock in the morning and I’m up to shower and get ready for the trip, I didn’t sleep very much because I was so nervous. I showed and got ready for the trip to the Military Entrance Processing Stations (MEPS) for my final swearing in. My first trip included my initial processing and medical screening and now it was time to put all that into action. As my parent drove me to the station the car was very quiet. As we pulled up my parents got out and hugged me and wish me well. I walked in and looked back at them and it was like the cord was being cut between us, now it was time for me to make them proud and show them what I’d learned from them. The officer swore us in and we all boarded the bus starring out the window like lost kids. Hours later we arrived at Boot Camp in Great Lakes, Michigan. As we pulled up Company Commanders ran out yelling and screaming at us to put all our stuff in one hand and line up on the footprints. My heart was beating super fast and I was like what have I done. We marched into this room where they asked us to take out all our stuff, they went through it and told us what we could keep and what had to be sent home. After feeding us, they took everyone to the barber shop and shaved all our heads. They then issued us our initial uniforms and began indoctrination. After marching back to our dorms, we were told how the bed should be made, stenciled all our gear, showered and went to bed. The first night I can honestly say I missed my folks and at one point wanted to cry but I pushed on. I knew I had to do this for me and them, I had to show myself first and them second that I had what it took to make it. Day two and forward we woke up at 4 am with yelling and screaming that we had 15 minutes to shower, shave and get in line for physical training and breakfast. Everything was 15 to 20 minutes including eating; you learn to eat real quickly. Training was tough but as the weeks went on it got easier. Then around week 4 we had to swim, I was never a strong swimmer so I was nervous but I made it through. Around week five it seemed they got a little easier and then explained that the toughness was to help us rely on each other and build the necessary teamwork within us all. As time went on we had learned the entire Chain of Command, proper Navy rules and how to properly wear all the uniforms and the seasonal changes for whites and blues. As the 8th week came we got ready for graduation. Everyone was ready to show their parents how much they had grown up in the last two months. Part of growing up was proper grooming, making our beds and being responsible and accountable for each other. Some of the guys in my company sat around the night before talking about some of the hard times in boot camp. I talked about the hard part for me was the fire fighting training and taking off that gas mask, my eyes burned so bad and I coughed like I was going to die. We laughed so hard about that and having to jump off that diving board that seems like it was 100 stories tall. So now its graduation day and I’m so excited to see my parents and so they can see how I’ve turned from their little boy to this young man. We march out on the field and the guide yells â€Å"eyes right† and I look over and see my parents. My mom was crying as usual and my dad had the biggest smile on his face, it was a time I will always remember. Their little guy was finally a man.

Essay --

Gang Injunctions: Ineffective to Prevent Violent Crimes in California In now days, the increase in gun violence troubles many communities in the United States. Many of the high-crime neighborhoods have become a total gang-controlled area. In 2013, the total number of gangs in the United States are 24,500 (Federal Bureau of Investigations). As major cities in America struggle to respond to the growth of gangs and attendant crime and violence, the law enforcement come up with gang injunctions to reduce crimes rates. Although a couple of gang injunctions have been granted in Texas and Illinois, the overwhelming majority of injunctions have been issued in California. In 2005, the total number of violent crimes were 5,985 alone in San Francisco that year, and 31, 767 in Los Angeles (Disaster Center). According to Matthew O’Deane, a police officer, and Stephen Morreale, an Assistant Professor of Worcester State University, a study and review was conducted of 25 southern California gang injunctions to understand if civil gang injunctions reduce crime . As a result, the study found that the crime rate decreased by 14.1% in injunction areas. Several California cities recently moved forward with gang injunctions to reduce violent crime rates. Gang injunctions have become a distinct Californian approach to fight crimes since they were first introduced in the 1980s in Los Angeles. The injunctions that have been granted primarily affect impoverished, minority neighborhoods and may actually serve to further stigmatize and oppress innocent minority youth who also live in these communities. Cities have issued them to fight local gangs, and promise that gang injunctions will cut down violent crime rate, and make the neighborhoods more safer; ho... ...ht to defend himself in the court. Moreover, the gang injunctions obtained in the target area should be defined clearly for gang members. It is important to make sure that the identification of the target area are easily understood by both the police and the gang members. Gang injunctions are ineffective way to prevent crimes, because they lead to many problems that hurts the communities. Gang injunctions are suppressions instead of preventions. Therefore, using force would not help to prevent crimes. However, they are legal tools to enable communities to take back their streets and public places from the gangs and gang members that terrorize them. Gang injunctions did contribute to the stabilization of communities and reduce gang-related crimes, they just need improvements to make it more useful and acceptable for both gang members and residents in target areas.

Advertising in the Legal Profession Essay

Title: Advertising in the Legal Profession Issue: What is the scope of advertising for the purpose of the prohibition of advertising in the Legal Profession Act of Trinidad and Tobago No. 21 of 1986? Cause of Problem: Schedule No. 3 Part A of the Legal Profession Act No. 21 of 1986 , Sections 6 and 7: An attorney at law may speak in public or write for publications on legal topics so long as he does not thereby advertise his own professional competence and is not likely to be regarded as being concerned thereby with the giving of individual advice. The best advertisement for an attorney at law is the establishment of a well merited reputation for personal integrity, capacity, dedication to work and fidelity to trust and it is unprofessional: a) To solicit business by circulars or advertisements or interviews not warranted by personal relations; b) To seek retainers through agents of any kind; Background to Era in which Code of Ethics was made: The Legal profession Act of Trinidad and Tobago was drafted in an era of no Internet, two radio stations, state-owned television and two daily newspapers. There was also little means by which consumers could obtain and verify information on the quality of services provided by a legal practitioner. Hence in this context the Legislation was relevant and it served to prevent forms of advertising that would misrepresent the capability of the professional in question. This was determined to be a necessity in a profession where standard was to be maintained. Current Position: Now the State and private sector have expanded the print and broadcast media and the internet has driven the communications channels and reach, including the reach of social media. The public itself is less precocious, more knowledgeable of its rights and more demanding of justice, fairness and transparency. There are several avenues that are opened to consumers where attorneys fall short of the standard required in their service to the public. They have applications that can be made to the disciplinary committee1 of the legal profession as well authority that the court has to discipline attorneys. Part B Rule 18 of the Code of Ethics, Third Schedule to the Legal Profession Act No.21 of 1986 Part B Rule 35(1) of the Code of Ethics, Third Schedule to the Legal Profession Act No.21 of 1986 2 In matter of Gail Robinson and Beverly Scoobie solicitors and Beverly Scoobie, Solicitors and In the Matter of the Inherent Jurisdiction of the Court Hca No. 2 of 1985 (unreported), Domain Idea: Advertising and Communications Theoretical Considerations: Advertising is an important constituent in the positioning of a brand in the mind and hearts of consumers. It also serves to build a brand preference amongst a target market. Advertising is multi-functional serving to inform, persuade, remind and enforce the target market as to the services provided by a particular business.3 Advertising for the purposes of marketing would include the use of following Medias4Newspapers, Television, Direct Mail, Radio, Magazines, Outdoor, Yellow Pages, Newsletters, Brochures, Telephone, and Internet. Consequences of lack of clarity of scope of Advertising: Lawyers in Trinidad and Tobago have sought very creative ways to get around this prohibition by interpreting advertising as written into the act narrowly; they consider the act as excluding new and current forms of advertising. Attorneys are therefore doing the following: Â  They are doubling up as newspaper columnists, regular presenters, co-presenters and guests on talk radio and television; Attorneys are also making use of social media, engaging the public but also exposing their views for public consumption. There is also the use of websites by firms. On the websites the firms have the services provided by the various attorneys and their qualifications.

Patient Safety in Rural Nursing Because of Nursing Shortage Essay

The United States is in the midst of a nursing shortage that is being increasingly discussed in the context of declining healthcare facilities in the nation. Over 1 in 7 hospitals (15%) report a severe RN nursing shortage with more than 20% of their nursing positions vacant and 80%-85% of hospitals report that they have a nurse shortage This shortage is predicted to intensify over the next decade or two as nurses belonging to the generation of baby boomers retire. The Nursing Management Aging Workforce Survey released in July 2006 by the Bernard Hodes Group reveals that 55% of surveyed nurses and nurse managers reported their intention to retire between 2011 and 2020 (AACN, 2006). In April 2006, officials with the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) released projections that the nation’s nursing shortage would grow to more than one million nurses by the year 2020 (HRSA, 2003). Nursing colleges and universities are struggling to expand enrollment levels. In the report titled â€Å"What is Behind HRSA’s Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortage of Registered Nurses? † analysts show that all 50 states will experience a shortage of nurses to varying degrees by the year 2015 (AACN, 2006). Factors driving the growth in demand for nurses include: an 18 % increase in the population; a larger proportion of elderly persons requiring proportionally higher levels of medical care; advances in medical technology that heighten the need for nurses; an increase in the number of work settings for nurses and demographic changes in an increasing U.  S. population (HRSA, 2003). Factors that are causing a decrease in the supply of nurses are: the declining number of nursing school enrollees, graduates and faculty; the aging of the registered nurse workforce; work environment issues leading to job burnout and dissatisfaction; high nurse turnover and vacancy rates; and declines in relative earnings (HRSA, 2003). Due to this critical imbalance between the supply and demand of nurses, the United States is today facing a nursing shortage crisis. Nursing shortage in rural settings: Research shows that nursing shortage as defined by the federal government exists mainly in rural areas of the country that are far away from metropolitan areas. These areas suffer more from nursing shortage than urban areas due to lack of economic resources to compete with urban based employers, inadequate training for nurses to practice in rural settings and dependence on non-hospital care settings in the rural areas. According to a paper published by the National Clearinghouse for Frontier Communities, â€Å"Impacts and Innovations in Frontier America† (December 2004), nurse shortages in frontier and rural communities derive not only from the current national shortage of nurses but also a long-standing trend favoring rural-to-urban migration of the educated, skilled workforce. There is also the issue of money. When examined by rurality, LPNs in rural settings ($21,941) report an income 23% lower than that reported by LPNs in urban settings ($28,408) (NCSBN, 2006). A large number of rural communities are losing existing employment and education opportunities and the paper suggests that the community context of a nurse shortage can be addressed only through community-based development approaches as well as the crafting of healthy rural policies. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation published a report titled â€Å"The American Nursing Shortage† with the help of its researchers Bobbi Kimball and Edward O’Neil. According to this report, even when some people feel a calling for the professions such as nursing, they are deterred by certain dimensions of the lifestyle, such as low pay, compulsory mobility and the need for service in rural areas. Available data and literature suggest that the impact of the nursing shortage on rural and frontier communities varies greatly from community to community. IN some rural places, there is no difficulty in filling vacancies but there may be just a few good paying jobs. However, in most rural areas, recruiting for openings is estimated to take about 60 percent longer to fill than in urban areas (Long 2000). Nurse employers receive many applications but often find applicants do not meet desired qualifications and then, they often have to accept lower qualifications to fill positions. Differences in education between frontier and non-frontier nurses exist both in their basic nursing education and the highest degree earned (FEC, 2003). Fully half of frontier nurses had qualified as RNs through associate degree (ADN) programs, in comparison with 40% of the non-frontier nurses; in contrast, non-frontier nurses were more likely to have attended diploma or BSN programs. Differences remain when looking at highest degree received; 44% of frontier nurses’ highest degree is the ADN, in contrast with 34% of the non-frontier nurses. And, while the percentage of nurses who have earned a bachelors degree is slightly lower among frontier nurses (30% frontier, 33% non-frontier), the percentage who has earned masters degrees is also lower among frontier (7% frontier compared with 10% non-frontier) (FEC, 2003). At Prairie Vista Nursing Home in Holyoke, Colorado, a town of about 1,900 people about 130 miles northeast of Denver, administrators reportedly had to work double shifts to cover shifts after a nurse retired. Recruiting nurses to work in rural areas is difficult to begin with; and, when urban-trained nurses enter rural practice, they often find they are ill-prepared for the demands of the job, contributing to job dissatisfaction and turnover. Once there, they typically find it difficult to access continuing education opportunities that fit their needs. â€Å"When educators bring their knowledge to us, they often do not realize that we practice differently than urban centers do† (rural nurse, quoted in Molinari 2001). In the rural setting, nurses typically fill multiple roles. There is a need for a broad range of skills and cross training in multiple jobs. â€Å"Rural nursing requires a high level of generalist skills and critical thinking† (Fahs, Findholt et al. 2003). Another issue is that the ethnic composition of the rural nurse workforce does not correspond with the population it serves. The ANA Rural Nursing module identifies five factors that affect rural nursing practice: threats to anonymity and confidentiality; traditional gender roles; geographic isolation; professional isolation; and scarce resources (Bushy 2004). Patient safety for nursing shortage in rural settings: Surveys and studies published recently confirm that the shortage of registered nurses is impacting the delivery of health care in the U. S. and negatively affecting patient outcomes. Research now shows that how well patients are cared for by nurses affects their health, and sometimes can be a matter of life or death. These studies have found that (HRSA, 2003): †¢ A total of 53% of physicians and 65% of the public cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors (Harvard School of Public Health, 2002,); A higher proportion of nursing care and a greater number of hours of care by nurses per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (Needleman et al. , 2002); †¢ Nursing actions, such as ongoing monitoring of patient’s health status, are directly related to better health outcomes (Kahn et al. , 1990) ; †¢ 126,000 nurses are needed immediately to fill vacancies at our Nation’s hospitals. Today, 75% of all hospital vacancies are for nurses (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002); Low nurse staffing levels have contributed to 24% of unanticipated events in hospitals that resulted in death, injury or permanent loss of function (Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002); †¢ Patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with low nurse-to-patient ratios have an up to 31% increased chance of dying. Every additional patient in an average hospital nurse’s workload increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (Aiken et. al. , 2002); Low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of hospitals’ reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 (Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002); †¢ Less nursing time provided to patients is associated with higher rates of infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and death from these and other causes (Needleman et al. , 2002); and †¢ Nurse executives surveyed indicated that staffing shortages are contributing to emergency department overcrowding and the need to close beds (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002 has issued a warning that failure to address the problem of nursing shortage in rural areas will result in increased deaths, complications, lengths-of-stay and other undesirable patient outcomes. JCAHO examined 1,609 hospital reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 and found that low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of the cases (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002). New research indicates that a shortage of registered nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and higher degree level is endangering patients. In an article in the September 24, 2003 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Linda Aiken and her colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania found that patients experience significantly lower mortality and failure to rescue rates in hospitals where more baccalaureate-prepared nurses provide direct patient care. At least 1,700 preventable deaths could have been realized in Pennsylvania hospitals alone if baccalaureate-prepared nurses had comprised 60% of the nursing staff and the nurse-to-patient ratios had been set at 1 to 4. Unfortunately, only 11% of PA hospitals have more than 50% of the nursing staff prepared at the baccalaureate level ( Institute of Medicine, 2003). A survey titled â€Å"Views of Practicing Physicians and the Public on Medical Errors†, conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation reported in the December 12, 2002 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine found that 53% of physicians and 65% of the public cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors. Overall, 42% of the public and more than a third of U. S. octors reported that they or their family members have experienced medical errors in the course of receiving medical care (AACN, 2006). Nurse researchers at the University of Pennsylvania determined that patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with high nurse-to-patient ratios have an up to 31% increased chance of dying. Funded by the National Institute for Nursing Research, the study found that every additional patient in an average hospital nurse’s workload increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (AACN, 2006). According to an extensive study by Dr.  Jack Needleman and Peter Buerhas, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2002, a higher proportion of nursing care provided by RNs and a greater number of hours of care by RNs per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (AACN, 2006). Conclusion: Available data and literature suggest that the issue of nurse shortage is a national one. Yet, the impact of nurse shortage is better seen in the rural areas where nurses are not well paid, existing nurses are not well qualified and patients are dependent on local medical facilities. Because most frontier and rural communities are distant from hospitals, residents may rely on non-hospital based care settings for a greater proportion of their care than their urban counterparts. Due to these reasons, nurse shortage in rural areas has endangered patient safety. Nurses are the primary source of care and support in the health care sector and hence, a sufficient supply of nurses is critical in providing the national and especially the rural population with quality health care. Nurses are expected to play an even larger role in the future.

Ethos Pathos Logos Essay Example

Ethos Pathos Logos Essay Example Ethos Pathos Logos Paper Ethos Pathos Logos Paper Ethos: connection made to the audience, credibility to the author or the opposite If you go to a website, how do you believe It? You look at whos writing it and what they have done In life. Is the author quoting people, Glenn stats, people talked about Pathos: emotional Impact, Mile talks about her love life, Is crying In the video, interview about what wrecking ball means to her and why people should not judge her Logos: the facts of the article, so that Mile made this video, it made this amount of sews, she won this award, stats and evidence Rhetorical strategy- tactic to get a response: like a metaphor, imagery, alliteration, Rhetorical fallacy: a way to manipulate the viewer, to win an argument without evidence Just twisting of words and beliefs. Slippery slope: X to Y: If I fall this class, Im not going to pass, not going to get Into college, not going to get a major, not going to make money, live on the streets, and going to die. So if I fail this class, Im going to die. Red Herring John McCain has 7 houses but it distracts the fact of the matter that he wanted to be president. Gets the attention away from the main argument. Non-sequitur: does not follow, Clinton was only elected because people felt her husband cheated on her Post hoc fallacy of causation, Ernie thinks the banana Is keeping gators away from sesame street when In reality, there are no gators around but Ernie thinks Its due to his banana. Bandwagon: everyone does it, so I do to. Its a Jewish holiday but no one attends school. Ad Hominid: attacks what someone (senator) has done wrong instead of speaking of his ideas to become senator False Authority: Where someone makes an opinion and concludes something without being mastered In the subject or having knowledge to make the analogy. Hollywood actor commenting on physiology but not being a physiologist Is an example. Personalization: Laura wears a yellow shirt so the whole entire school must have

Figurative Language Definition and Examples

Figurative Language Definition and Examples Figurative language is  language in which figures of speech (such as metaphors and metonyms) freely occur. Contrast with  literal  speech  or language. If something happens literally, says childrens book author Lemony Snicket, it actually happens; if something happens figuratively, it feels like it is happening. If you are literally jumping for joy, for instance, it means you are leaping in the air because you are very happy. If you are figuratively jumping for joy, it means you are so happy that you could jump for joy but are saving your energy for other matters†Ã‚  (The Bad Beginning,  2000). Figurative language  can also be defined as any deliberate departure from the conventional meaning, order, or construction of words. Examples It is midmorning. A few minutes ago I took my coffee break. I am speaking figuratively, of course. Theres not a drop of coffee in this place and there never has been.(Tom Robbins, Another Roadside Attraction. Random House, 1971)MetaphorsMemory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food.(Austin OMalley, Keystones of Thought)SimilesThe Dukes moustache was rising and falling like seaweed on an ebb-tide.(P.G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime, 1939)HyperboleI was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far.(Mark Twain, Old Times on the Mississippi)UnderstatementLast week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse.(Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub, 1704)MetonymyThe suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings.ChiasmusYou forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget.(Cormac M cCarthy, The Road, 2006) AnaphoraAnaphora will repeat an opening phrase or word;Anaphora will pour it into a mold (absurd)!Anaphora will cast each subsequent opening;Anaphora will last until its tiring.(John Hollander, Rhymes Reason: A Guide to English Verse. Yale Univ. Press, 1989) Kinds of Figurative Language (1) Phonological figures include alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia. In his poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1842), Robert Browning repeats sibilants, nasals, and liquids as he shows how the children respond to the piper: There was a rustling, that seemed like a bustling / Of merry crowds justling at pitching and hustling. Something sinister has started.(2) Orthographic figures use visual forms created for effect: for example, America spelled Amerika (by left-wing radicals in the 1970s and as the name of a movie in the 1980s) to suggest a totalitarian state.(3) Syntactic figures may bring the non-standard into the standard language, as in US President Ronald Reagans You aint seen nothing yet (1984), a nonstandard double negative used to project a vigorous, folksy image.(4) Lexical figures extend the conventional so as to surprise or entertain, as when, instead of a phrase like a year ago, the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas wrote a grief ago, or when the Irish dramatist Oscar Wilde sai d at the New York Customs, I have nothing to declare but my genius. When people say that you cant take something literally, they are generally referring to usage that challenges everyday reality: for example, through exaggeration (the hyperbole in loads of money), comparison (the simile like death warmed up; the metaphor life is an uphill struggle), physical and other associations (the metonymy Crown property for something owned by royalty), and a part for a whole (the synecdoche All hands on deck!).(Tom McArthur, The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 2005) Observations Figures are as old as language. They lie buried in many words of current use. They occur constantly in both prose and poetry.(Joseph T. Shipley, Dictionary of World Literary Terms, 1970)Traditionally, figurative language such as metaphors and idioms has been considered derivative from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward language. A contemporary view . . . is that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language.(Sam Glucksberg, Understanding Figurative Language. Oxford University Press, 2001)At no place in Book III [of the Rhetoric] does Aristotle claim that these devices [figures] serve an ornamental or emotional function or that they are in any way epiphenomenal. Instead, Aristotles somewhat dispersed discussion suggests that certain devices are compelling because they map a function onto a form or perfectly epitomize certain patterns of thought or argument.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Fig ures in Science. Oxford University. Press, 1999) The emergence of nonliteral language as a respectable topic has led to a convergence of many fields: philosophy, linguistics, and literary analyses, computer science, neuroscience, and experimental cognitive psychology, to name a few. Each of these fields has enriched the scientific understanding of the relation between language and thought.(A.N. Katz, C. Cacciari, R. W. Gibbs, Jr., and M. Turner, Figurative Language and Thought. Oxford University Press, 1998) Figurative Language and Thought This new view of the poetics of mind has the following general characteristics: - The mind is not inherently literal.- Language is not independent of the mind but reflects our perceptual and conceptual understanding of experience.- Figuration is not merely a matter of language but provides much of the foundation for thought, reason and imagination.- Figurative language is not deviant or ornamental but is ubiquitous in everyday speech.- Figurative modes of thought motivate the meaning of many linguistic expressions that are commonly viewed as having literal interpretations.- Metaphorical meaning is grounded in nonmetaphorical aspects of recurring bodily experiences or experiential gestalts.- Scientific theories, legal reasoning, myths, art, and a variety of cultural practices exemplify many of the same figurative schemes found in everyday thought and language.- Many aspects of word meaning are motivated by figurative schemes of thought.- Figurative language does not require special cognitive processes to be produced and understood.- Childrens figurative thought m otivates their significant ability to use and understand many kinds of figurative speech. These claims dispute many beliefs about language, thought, and meaning that have dominated the Western intellectual tradition.(Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. Cambridge University Press, 1994) The Conceptual Metaphor Theory According to the conceptual metaphor theory, metaphors and other forms of figurative language are not necessarily creative expressions. This is admittedly a somewhat unusual idea, as we ordinarily associate figurative language with poetry and with the creative aspects of language. But Gibbs (1994 [above]) suggests that what is frequently seen as a creative expression of some idea is often only a spectacular instantiation of specific metaphorical entailments that arise from the small set of conceptual metaphors shared by many individuals within a culture (p. 424). The conceptual model assumes that the underlying nature of our thought processes is metaphorical. That is, we use metaphor to make sense of our experience. Thus, according to Gibbs, when we encounter a verbal metaphor it automatically activates the corresponding conceptual metaphor. (David W. Carroll, Psychology of Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008) John Updikes Use of Figurative Language [John] Updike wrote self-consciously about big subjects and big themes, but he was always celebrated more for his prose style than for his subject matter. And his great gift, on the level of style, was not just descriptive but explicitly figurativenot about presentation, in other words, but about transformation. This gift could work both for and against him. Figurative language, best employed, is a way of making connections between disparate phenomena, but even more than that it is a way of making us see better, more freshly, more naà ¯vely. Updike was more than capable of such flights: Outdoors it is growing dark and cool. The Norway maples exhale the smell of their sticky new buds and the broad living-room windows along Wilbur Street show beyond the silver patch of a television set the warm bulbs burning in kitchens, like fires at the backs of caves. . . .  [A] mailbox stands leaning in twilight on its concrete post. Tall two-petaled street sign, the cleat-gouged trunk of the telephone pole holding its insulators against the sky, fire hydrant like a golden bush: a grove.[Rabbit, Run] But taking one thing and turning it, via language, into another can also be a way of deferring or denying or opting out of engagement with the thing nominally being described. (Jonathan Dee, Agreeable Angstrom: John Updike, Yes-Man. Harpers, June 2014) The Abuse of Figurative Language Obfuscation also comes from mishandled metaphor. As readers of his reviews will know, letting [James] Wood anywhere near figurative language is like giving an alcoholic the keys to a distillery. In no time, he’s unsteady and comprehensibility is a casualty. Getting images upside down is a speciality. The personality of a Svevo character is, Wood writes, as comically perforated as a bullet-holed flag- an odd view of what’s comical since such a flag would usually be found among the dead and mutilated on a battlefield. Another character is inundated with impressions . . . like Noah’s dove. The point about Noah’s dove, though, is that it wasn’t inundated but survived the flood and ultimately brought back evidence that the waters had subsided. (Peter Kemp, review of How Fiction Works by James Wood. The Sunday Times, March 2, 2008)

Dq-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq-Terence - Essay Example lem and proceed towards the research questions, then the collection of data, followed by data analysis and later on the research report generation (Seidman, 2012). Both the studies also explore various types of qualitative and quantitative approaches with an aim to extract the exact information about a certain phenomenon. The data collection techniques in both approaches are similar since they all employ the use of questionnaires, interviews, audiovisual materials and many other types of techniques for obtaining the information (Silverman, 2013). In terms of focus, Phenomenological research is mainly aimed at comprehending the purpose of the occurrence of existence of a certain phenomenon while case studies focus to develop a conclusive analysis and description of a particular case that may be individual or in multiple forms (Creswell, 2013). In terms of the type of Problem suited for design, Phenomenological research mainly handles the importance of existence of a phenomenon that already exists in the real world while Case Studies mainly seeks to provide an understanding of a particular case or various multiple cases (Creswell, 2013). In terms of background of the discipline phenomenological research is mainly applied in education, philosophy and psychology while case studies is widely applicable in the fields of medicine, psychology, political science and law (Creswell, 2013). In relation to Unit of Analysis, Phenomenological research relies on the study of similar experiences shared by various individuals while case studies analyses a specific event, an activity, a program and it incorporates more than one individual (Creswell, 2013). In relation to the data collection forms, phenomenological research the primary data collection tools and techniques adopted are individual interviews. However, art, observations and secondary sources such as documentations may also be used. Case Studies In terms of strategies of data analysis Phenomenological research, data

Research Paper focusing on prison life and strategies to decrease

Focusing on prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmate's release from prison - Research Paper Example Any action against the law comes under consideration as a crime and that person is liable of punishment. However, it can come under many arguments that whether a person’s behavior or perspective related to performing crime changes after getting punishment for the crimes he committed. Crime is a grave subject in the twenty first century that leaves an indelible imprint on not only the victims but also the person behind the crime and society as a whole. Due to the acceleration in the crime rate and criminals, the need for more and more prisons comes under the observation. The justice system in a society is present in order to alleviate crime and provide security to the denizens, which is their fundamental right. United States of America is one of those countries that have strong and powerful justice system. There are two types of courts, one is state court, and the other is federal court, and two kinds of trials, namely criminal and civil in U.S. justice system (Pierce, 2006). T here are many types of justice systems, out of which Criminal justice system is one to mention. The criminal justice system comprises of many aspects and prison is its one important feature. Imprisonment is a punishment given by law to a person who has committed crime. There are many reasons for having a prison in the U.S. Retribution is one of the prime reasons to have prison. The criminals involved in social crimes such as robbery, kidnapping, rape, murder etc comes under penalty by imprisoning them. By holding-back the criminals from their independence, law force them to pay for the loss or damage they made to the society. Another reason of having prisons in U.S. is incapacitation. In order to make the society free from the terror of criminals and to curb their activities, authorities throw the criminals into the prisons. Fear of punishment may develop amongst the prisoners while in the prison, which acts as a caution to prevent them from performing crimes in the future. This pur pose of prisons comes under the name of Deterrence. One more key intention of having prisons is Rehabilitation. It includes a series of activities and procedures where criminals undergo therapies in order to bring a change in their thinking and mindset. A psychologist or community activists are helpful in achieving this motive. Education and skill development programs can also play a vital role in transforming the criminals into disciplined denizens (Pierce, 2006). Though the purpose of making prisons is present in a fruitful manner, it is not necessary that the conditions to accomplish these objectives come under witness. The conditions of U.S. prisons seem to be horrible. According to sources (Barkan & Bryjak, 2011), the employee responsible for keeping an eye and managing prisoners tend to abuse them verbally, physically, mentally and emotionally. It has also come under observation that the prisoners get inhuman treatment by the authorities. In addition, discrimination on basis o f race and color exists between the prisoners and they form separate groups on basis of it. Food quality in the prisons of U.S. is low, causing multiple health issues, some of which results in deaths (Barkan & Bryjak, 2011). Convicts in high security prisons, come under deprivation from fresh atmosphere and socializing, as they stay in loneliness inside an undersized, dark room for whole day where they feel

Culture in business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture in business - Term Paper Example Different nations across the world have different cultures and it is important for a business to evaluate and critically understand these cultural dynamics as they play key role in the success of a business in a particular area. People attach a lot of significance to the cultural issues within their region this usually influence their behavior, attitude, opinion in regard to a business. Communication is an extremely key factor for the success of a business. National culture in which a business enterprise operates can alter and daunt effective communication. Language is one of the most important aspects of a communication (Tahir, 2014). If two people are not able to communicate in a language they both adequately understand, the message transmission cannot go through or its interpretation can be flawed. For example, for an American firm to expand its branches and open more others in the Middles East countries, it is important that the language issue is properly addressed by decisions like hiring workers who understand the language of the local people so that communications with the consumers and every stake holder is enabled. Product promotions and advertisements sometimes require the promoters to use local languages of the people so as to enable the target group; who apparently might not be able to speak any other language relate the advert message. In some culture selection of wording is very important in product promotion. Some words might mean well in one culture but on the other culture, they are condemned. Also, to be able to effectively communicate with employees who probably are hired locally from that nation with a diverse culture require the business management to speak the same language. Consumers are more likely to purchase products from firms that they effectively communicate with than those that don’t. This implies that firms that identify

Reflective Paper on Management of Organizations Essay Example for Free

Reflective Paper on Management of Organizations Essay The concept of management especially that of managing organizations, is a broad field of study and usually requires understanding of the other branches of human learning such as sociology, psychology and economics, among others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In determining the most effective approach in management, it is important to learn the basics of dealing with persons, how to organize them, develop their skills while bonding them together and eventually generate positive outcome or production from their collective labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being an experienced nurse and member of the US Armed Forces, I have learned through the years in reserve camps and in field that interpersonal relationship is not easily perfected considering man’s innate instinct of â€Å"self-survival. † In order for a man to survive in any given situation, condition and place, it is but natural for him to save and protect himself or his interests, oftentimes resulting to conflict with other persons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This human frailty is often than not the root of problems and conflict affecting the smooth flow of communication and cooperation within a certain group or organization. In addition to this, a person’s inability to understand the proper systems of learning within an organization and the natural course of changes brought by outside forces such as information technology, globalization and the likes usually result to negative output or disintegration of the organization itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, change, transformation and evolution is part of nature. Such reality also affects organizations and the society as a whole. The concept of the continuous transformation of the society and all of its institutions is best described by Donald Schon (1973): The loss of stable state means that our society and all of its institutions are in continuous processes of transformation. We cannot expect new stable states that will endure for our own lifetimes. We must learn to understand, guide, influence and managed these transformations. We must make the capacity for undertaking them integral to ourselves and to our institutions. We must, in other words, become adept at learning. We must become able not only to transform our institutions, in response to changing situations and requirements; we must invent and develop institutions which are ‘learning systems’, that is to say, systems capable of bringing about their own continuing transformation. (Schon 1973: 28)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schon, as quoted by M.K. Smith (2001) in his article, â€Å"The Learning Organization† posted in the worldwide web infed.org, is indeed correct by saying that we must learn how to adapt to changes and transformation, make them as integral part of us and our institutions and likewise come up with new learning systems that could carry on the cycle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given this idea, I believe that by learning the proper systems in the field of management, one would not only be able to adapt to such transformations in the society and all its institutions or organizations, but also one could make a big difference in mobilizing people together, making them more competent, service-oriented, effective and productive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the same time, learning the proper systems can lessen, if not only its impact, the conflict caused by self-survival by individuals thereby resulting to an effective team that is highly competitive, competent and motivated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Part of the learning systems in an organization is the building of teams that would become the heart and machinery of the organization. In building teams, I have learned from several readings that it is important to determine the strength and weaknesses of each individual to assess their distinct capabilities that would match the requirement for specific responsibilities and work to be done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In determining the weaknesses and strength of the team members, as well as the over-all status of the team, some analytical modules can be used such as the force field analysis and the SWOT analysis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To initiate the force field analysis, the team must start with a brainstorming session to identify the â€Å"driving† and â€Å"restraining† forces in their organization. The driving forces are the factors that promote obedience to the team’s work or schedule while the restraining forces are the factors that hinder adherence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By learning how to determine both, the team and its leader would be able to design strategies how to approach the problem and decrease the restraining forces to achieve maximum resolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another effective way of identifying the internal and external strength, weaknesses and opportunities of the team is the SWOT analysis. In using the SWOT analysis, the team would not only be able to determine the causes of motivation or hindrances to their work or schedules, but also the opportunities and threats to the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SWOT is more comprehensive and detailed and by identifying the internal strength and weaknesses and the external opportunities and threats, the team would be able to draw up critical solutions to its problems. In using systematic analysis in identifying problems, the team leader also develops a systematic thinking or approach in building a strong and effective team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such forms of analysis are effective in most cases especially in military operations. As an active member of the US army, part of our daily activities is to maintain order in each team at the camp and effectively carry out orders from our superiors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By learning how to determine several forces that affect our operations, I am becoming more capable to handle orders and cooperate with my colleagues. At my age of 41, I am still open to possibilities that even an older woman like me could achieve more in the future. Through learning how to build teams and eventually become a very good leader, I am relearning the values of discipline, independence and competence that I could use once I finish my course in Human Resources. But building teams and knowing each team member’s capability is only part of the larger face of learning systems in learning organizations. The next step to an effective management is how to enhance and develop strategies that would improve the team. An effective team develops ways to share leadership roles and ways to share accountability for their work output. It also builds a specific team purpose and goals. There are several ways or strategies how to motivate teams to become stronger and more efficient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to establishe objectives together. All team members must understand the objectives and what actions are needed to achieve them. Each member shall have a sense of responsibility and must have a sense of participation in achieving the collective goal of the team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good leader also knows how to encourage members to suggest ways how to improve their own services. The team must develop a participatory style. The feeling of belongingness and importance is one of the best ways to boost the team members’ morale. I often do this at home with my children. For 18 years as I reared them as single parent, I tried to teach them to speak and to participate in all house concerns. This made them independent and self-assured the same way a team member should feel – important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most often than not, listening is the best way to learn. Leaders should know how to listen to their team members. They should also acknowledge their points of view and encourage a healthy venue for discussions and democratic debates. Healthy discussions are actually therapeutic to the group because the members will be able to speak their minds or the problems they encounter at work. This improves interpersonal relationships and lessens the conflict of self-interests and self-survival. By understanding each other’s problems or by listening to one another, a team member would learn to decrease his personal walls and start opening doors to other persons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is actually interesting for me. As I go through this course and the learning systems in management and organizational learning, I come to realize that managing teams or organization is not quite different from managing your own home. I could easily relate, not only because I encounter team concerns at work but also because I have experienced being aleder at my own house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, other strategies in can be introduced to maximize the effectiveness of a team. Defining specific roles and responsibilities also helps in organizing the team and keeping them focused. It is also important to explain rules and regulations, including time commitments. By knowing the rules and the rationale for such rules, team members will develop respect and trust to the organization. Commitment of time for team building and team work is also crucial in an organization’s growth. All members must have a sincere concern for the team and in doing so, they must be willing to extend time at work to do their responsibility to the group, if needed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the experts, an effective team has at least seven characteristics. These are as follows: team members share leadership roles; team develops own scope of work; team schedules work to be done and commits to taking time allotted to do work; team develops tangible work products; team shared accountability; performance is based on achieving team products; and open discussion and collective resolution of problems within the team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working long hours at the nurse’s station in camps and in hospitals, taking care of the sick and old, then has given me enough insight of the real meaning of team work. It is true that a hospital or a military infirmary is just like an organization. Each medical staff shall take part in all the responsibilities. Less time would also be spent if each nurse takes quality time to take care of the patients or station himself in a designated area. In my former line of work, there are also specific responsibilities and areas of accountability including pharmacy, supplies, maintenance, emergency, wards, among others. The same is true with the military. And mush is expected of us. At present, I am an E6 Supply Staff Sergeant. I work for a transportation reserve unit full time. I am part of a larger team. And it is my responsibility to take care of their supply needs. If I fail, the whole system fails. It is a chain. But if I do my work on time and with efficiency, I help my teammates and the order is protected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simple things or simple tasks are oftentimes the key to an organization’s success. By doing the very basic things right, the team is assured of a holistic effectiveness and efficiency. As I begin to look back, it is getting clearer to me that the tricks of management, in any given field, are actually around us everyday. One only needs to be more observant and reflective to better understand the processes of learning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Part of the continuing learning process is also the methods of solving conflicts. Conflicts within organizations usually arise when there is contradiction between team members, who sometimes have varying views on specific concerns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When conflicts arise, experts tell us that it is important to introduce a constructive way how to resolve it. The first thing that one must take into consideration is to avoid jumping into conclusions. To avoid such mistake, it is crucial to identify the factors that have caused the conflict and determine the stakeholders involved in the conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Group discussion would help determine who are stakeholders in a certain conflict. By diplomatically opening a dialogue between the stakeholders, the leader would be able to recognize individual interests, as well a power issues affecting the conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next step is to consider the alternatives in resolving the conflict. Each alternative must be carefully studied and from each, try to determine which is the most apt solution to the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the chosen solution is implemented, it is imperative to evaluate its effect to assess whether the results are satisfactory. If not, begin the process again and find other solution to the conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In every organization, change is also a constant factor. Organizations are often faced by difficulties within the structure when there is leadership or organizational change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter (1999, Chapter 5), it was proven over the years that things that sustain change are not â€Å"bold strokes but long marches – the independent, discretionary and ongoing efforts of people throughout the organization.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter (1999, Chapter 5) further says that:   â€Å"real change requires people to adjust to their behavior, and that behavior is often beyond the control of top management.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter teaches us that change is constantly created at many levels in an organization. Kanter says that there are big events that often occur due to outside forces while some changes are brought about by the people’s actions in their daily operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In confronting change, adept organizations share three key attributes. Kanter (1999, Chapter 5) specifies these as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *The imagination to innovate. To encourage innovation, effective leaders help develop new concepts – the ideas, models, and applications of technology that set an organization apart. *The professionalism to perform. Leaders provide personal and organizational competence, supported by workforce training and development, to execute flawlessly and deliver value to ever more demanding customers. *The openness to collaborate. Leaders make connections with partners who can extend the organization’s reach, enhance its offerings, or energize its practices. (Kanter 1999, Chapter 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter cited three important words – concept, competence and connections. She claims that these intangible assets naturally build up with successful individuals and organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such intangible assets, she explains, reflect habits and not programs. These habits – personal skills, behavior and relationships – if deeply imbedded within the organization results to minimal resistance to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the organization has such assets, change would be so natural that leaders would find it easier to gear their team members to positively react to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mastering change and transformation usually brought by outside forces such as technology, globalization, competition and politics as well is not an easy task. The organization should be intuitive, dynamic and innovative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization must come up with its own innovations to adapt to its environment, guided by the skillful and pro-active leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter (1999) explains that the skillful leader must know how to lead with passion, conviction and confidence in others. There are other techniques or tips that could be adopted by an effective leader. The first is to keep abreast with the changing environment. A leader must be constantly observant, keen in learning and updated of what is new and what is latest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter’s concept of effective leadership teaches me and everyone else another basic characteristic of humans – our innate instinct to learn. Man’s curiosity and unending search for the â€Å"truth† or the â€Å"story behind things† is actually a trait that must be mastered by a leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I now find it imperative to double my efforts in honing my skills in preparation for my future as human resource personnel or manager. Doing routines at the military sometimes make you too comfortable with your environment that you forget to check what is happening around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Now, I am beginning to realize that in order to be an effective and skillful leader, one must prepare and master the technique of listening, learning and tuning in to the environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another trait that a leader should master is to think outside the box. Kanter said it is okay to challenge the wisdom of the organization. It is alright to question the patternsn and come up with new solutions, looking into different angles or dimensions that sometimes lead to new approaches and innovative ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter (1999) gave several examples how to promote kaleidoscopic thinking. Team members can conduct activities outside the company or the organization itself. Interact, immerse with the community, break routines, rotate job assignments or even exchange projects. These are only few of the ways to generate fresh ideas and opportunities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genuine conviction is also a positive trait that should be taught to team members. Kanter (1999) explains that one cannot sell change or anything else without any real conviction. In order for others to believe what you say or what you are trying to communicate, you must believe it first. Makes sense to me. In many situations that I was confronted by issues at the US Armed Forces, my children would sometimes ask about the real concerns and agenda of the US government. And in many cases, I try to answer them as honestly as I could. But now, it reminds me of my true feelings at that time. Kanter helps me reflect of my thoughts and thinking about it, I know that at times, I am not even sure whether my convictions were genuine enough to let my children believe what I say.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is one trait of a good leader I must master. To have genuine conviction so I could become an effective leader and be able to communicate vision and aspirations to my team members.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Change leaders† also needs the involvement of the team members who have the resources, the knowledge and the political influence to make things possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter (1999) calls it coalition building. In early stages of planning, the leader must identify key players with appropriate capabilities. It is also important to find sources across or outside the organization to find influencers. According to Kanter, coalition building requires an understanding of the politics of change and its accompanying principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once the coalition is in place, a leader must know how to coach and provide guidance to the team members while at the same time allowing them to enhance their individual contribution to the team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanter (1999) says leaders should allow team members to forge their own identity, build a sense of membership and become accustomed in implementing changes. The leader must resist giving too many responsibilities to the members because in order for their individual capabilities to grown, they must learn how to focus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another effective way to ensure the success of an organization and its resolution to change is the primary law of management – perseverance. I myself believe that in any aspect of our life, not only in management, learning how to persevere and develop a strong passion on what we do is a positive attitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perseverance gives a person more room to grow. As a 41-year-old woman, others may think that my career is almost over or that I may be experiencing the downsides of life. But I beg to disagree because I know that in pursuing my studies in human resources, I will have a better future ahead of me. My perseverance and willingness to adapt to changes and hone my skills in the process makes me a person with a vision and a drive to achieve more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Kanter (1999) explains, one must know how to overcome obstacles during the process of change. Perseverance helps a savvy leader to ensure the success of the process and prevent failure. If a leader launches something, he must not leave it to the team members. He should ensure that the process is done until the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And after everything has been put into place, it is important to recognize each member’s contribution to the any accomplishment. Remembering to reward and recognize accomplishments is critical in any leadership, Kanter (1999) says.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Words of gratitude, recognition or appreciation are one of the most powerful tool in motivating members of any organization. In the US Armed Forces, promotions and awarding of medals of honor or valor are few of the motivational tools being used to boost the morale of US soldiers and to encourage them to fight for America. It is also a form of incentive to American soldiers for their sacrifices and the risks they face in the military, considering that the profession is a high risk one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Kanter, there is no limit to how much recognition a leader can provide to his team members. Making everyone a hero for a job well done often results to higher performance or bigger output in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In relation to change in an organization, Kanter (1999) says recognition motivates people to attempt change again especially if they are involved in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In closing, effective management of people or organization is actually the ability to lessen individualism and self-survival instincts, break communication barriers, limit conflicts, building teams and training them to adapt to change, and the ability to innovate in order to keep abreast with the constantly changing environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Effective management, though not easy to achieve, is actually a continuous learning process. One must have the concepts, the competence and the connections in order to become competitive, innovative and effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ashford University actually teaches us the same foundational values. The values of self-worth, creativity, independence, service, integrity and effectiveness. As for me, after studying this course and learning the proper systems in effective management, it is clear that the university’s core values such as creativity and effectiveness are truly important, not only to every individual but to interpersonal relationships and organizations as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ability to innovate and have the respect for the free flow of ideas are some of the key points in mastering the techniques of effective management. As discussed above, innovation and transformation are continuous processes in the growth of an organization and by learning the values of creativity and self-directedness, one is assured that he could face the ever-changing and demanding world outside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, one’s independence, self-discipline and competence result to effectiveness, not only as an individual but also as integral part of a larger group or organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any way, I believe that my aspirations in life are clearer and more achievable as I grasp a better understanding of the processes or organizational learning, as well as the values being taught at the Ashford university. This course is actually very interesting and liberating because it gives me a broader view of the society and its institutions. (End)       References: Smith, M.K. (2001) â€Å"The Learning Organization†, The Encyclopedia of Informal Education,   Ã‚   Retrieved May 3, 2006 from http://www.infed.org/biblio/learning-organization.htm Schon, D.A. (1973) Beyond the Stable State. Public and Private Learning in a Changing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Society, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 236 pages. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (1999) â€Å"The Enduring Skills of Change Leaders (Chapter 5) †, On   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leading Change. Retrieved May 3 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://leadertoleader.org/leaderbooks/L2L/summer99/kanter.html Force Field Analysis. Retrieved May 3 from http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/psffanal.cfm SWOT Analysis. Retrieved May 3 from http://erc.msh.org/quality/examples/swot.cfm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If such could be achieved by a person, then he is a candidate to become an effective leader. By trying to understand the academic theories and vast possibilities to which this course of study has offered me, I now come to the realization that there is room for much improvement to everyone, even to a 44-year-old nothing is impossible I am a person with simple values, who appreciates those around me. I consider nmyself as helper of people and have been a member of the nursing profession for years.